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Actinidia

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Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources

Abstract

Actinidia (Kiwifruit) is a diverse genus of dioecious, generally deciduous, climbing plants. Currently, 55 species and about 76 taxa are recognized within the genus. The genus has a wide geographic distribution in eastern Asia, from just south of the Equator, to as far north as latitude 50○. The basic chromosome number of Actinidia is x = 29. Polyploidy in Actinidia is common, with diploids, tetraploids, hexaploids, and octoploids occurring in diminishing frequencies. Kiwifruit in comparison with most other crop plants have a very short history of cultivation. The two commercially important kiwifruit species, Actinidia deliciosa and A. chinensis, were introduced into cultivation in the last 110 years. Almost all current kiwifruit cultivars are either direct selections from the wild or only a few generations removed from the wild. There are also many traits within non-cultivated Actinidia species that could have commercial potential if transferred into cultivated kiwifruit. By incorporating fruit traits such as different colors, ripening indicators, edible or peelable skins, different flavors, and nutrient compositions into the currently cultivated species, there is potential to develop many new kiwifruit cultivars. We describe studies using both cultivated plants and their wild allies on the origin, evolution, phylogenetic relationships, cytogenetics, and the genetic improvement of kiwifruit employing both classical strategies and advanced tools of genomics and biotechnology.

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Acknowledgements

We thank E. Rugini and P. GutiÕrrez-Pesce for helpful comments and discussions on content.

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  1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd. (Plant & Food Research), 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand

    P. M. Datson

  2. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Ltd, 92 169, Auckland, New Zealand

    A. R. Ferguson

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  1. Institute of Nutraceutical Research, Clemson University, Jordan Hall 109, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Datson, P.M., Ferguson, A.R. (2011). Actinidia. In: Kole, C. (eds) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20447-0_1

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