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Fundamental Principles of Gas Exchangers

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Bioengineering Aspects in the Design of Gas Exchangers

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Abstract

Inaugurating as a simple, plain cell membrane in the primeval unicellular prokaryotes and progressing to the most advanced respiratory systems of the endothermic-homeothems, i.e., the bronchioalveolar lung of mammals and the parabronchial one of birds, the designs of gas exchangers have occurred based on remarkably similar bioengineering principles. The gas exchangers have developed under dynamic environmental conditions, especially those of shifting O2 and CO2 levels (Sects. 1.2 and 1.3). In its broadest context, respiration comprises spatiotemporally coordinated biomechanical, biophysical, behavioral, and physiological processes. Together, they effect movement of two vectorial quantities in opposite directions – influx of O2 from the environment into the organism and efflux of CO2 to the outside. More specifically, external respiration entails the acquisition of O2 and in derived animals its transport through properly configured airways and vasculature while internal respiration involves the utilization of O2 at the cellular level, specifically in the mitochondria, to generate energy mainly in form of ATP. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) are the secondary products of internal respiration.

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  1. Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus 233, 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Prof.Dr. John N. Maina

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Maina, J.N. (2011). Fundamental Principles of Gas Exchangers. In: Bioengineering Aspects in the Design of Gas Exchangers. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20395-4_2

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