Abstract
Many physical systems do exhibit self-similarity, although, of course, within some finite range of scales. The list includes Brownian motion, turbulent flows, porous media, polymers, clusters, etc. The geometry of these systems, often based on random processes, is complicated. The concept of fractal dimension helps to express, model, and comprehend both the geometrical complexity and its physical consequence [157–164]. Furthermore, fractal concepts and scaling laws establish similarities between correlation effects and growth phenomena in a variety of equilibrium (such as percolation) and far-from-equilibrium (such as diffusion-limited aggregation and viscous fingering) processes. This connection is of heuristic significance, because presently there is no first-principle theory to describe, for example, turbulence, turbulent transport, or diffusion-limited aggregation, which are markedly far-from-equilibrium and nonlocal processes.
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Further Reading
Further Reading
1.1 Chaos and Fractals
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J.B. Bassingthwaighte, L.S. Liebovitch, B.J. West, Fractal Physiology (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1994)
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H.V. Beijeren (ed.), Fundamental Problems in Statistical Mechanics (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1990)
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A. Bunde, S. Havlin (eds.), Fractals and Disordered Systems (Springer, Berlin, 1995)
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A. Bunde, S. Havlin (eds.), Fractals in Science (Springer, Berlin, 1996)
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J. Feder, Fractals (Plenum, New York, 1988). Department of Physics University of Oslo, Norway
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J.-F. Gouyet, Physics and Fractal Structure (Springer, Berlin, 1996)
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H.M. Hastings, G. Sugihara, Fractals (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993)
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L.S. Liebovitch, Fractals and Chaos Simplified for the Life Sciences (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998)
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B.B. Mandelbrot, The Fractal Geometry of Nature (Freemen, San Francisco, CA, 1982)
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R.A. Meyers, Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science (Springer, Berlin, 2009)
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G. Nicolis, Foundations of Complex Systems (World Scientific, Singapore, 2007)
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M. Schroeder, Fractals, Chaos, Power Laws. Minutes from an Infinite Paradise (W.H Freeman, New York, 2001)
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S.H. Strogatz, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos (Perseus, Cambridge, 2000)
1.2 Diffusion and Fractals
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R. Badii et al. (eds.), Complexity Hierarchical Structures and Scaling in Physics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997)
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D. Ben-Avraham, S. Havlin, Diffusion and Reactions in Fractals and Disordered Systems (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996)
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G.P. Bouchaud, A. Georges, Phys. Rep. 195, 132–292 (1990)
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A. Bovier, Statistical Mechanics of Disordered Systems. A Mathematical Perspective (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006)
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O. Coussy, Mechanics and Physics of Porous Solids (Wiley, New York, 2010)
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P.G. De Gennes, Introduction to Polymer Dynamics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1990)
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P.G. De Gennes, Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, 1979)
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J.W. Haus, K.W. Kehr, Phys. Rep. 150, 263 (1987)
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M. Kleman, O.D. Lavrentovich, Soft Matter Physics (Springer, Berlin, 2003)
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R. Metzler, J. Klafter, Phys. Rep. 339, 1 (2000)
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M.E. Raikh, I.M. Ruzin, in Mesoscopic Phenomena in Solids, ed. by B.L. Altshuler, P.A. Lee, R.A. Webb (North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1991)
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Bakunin, O.G. (2011). Fractal Objects and Scaling. In: Chaotic Flows. Springer Series in Synergetics, vol 10. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20350-3_8
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