Abstract
An ultra-wideband cryogenic phase-locking loop (CPLL) system is a new cryogenic device. The CPLL is intended for phase-locking of a Flux-Flow Oscillator (FFO) in a Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) but can be used for any cryogenic terahertz oscillator. The key element of the CPLL is Cryogenic Phase Detector (CPD), a recently proposed new superconducting element. The CPD is an innovative implementation of superconductor–insulator–superconductor (SIS) tunnel junction. All components of the CPLL reside inside a cryostat at 4.2 K, with the loop length of about 50 cm and the total loop delay 5.5 ns. Such a small delay results in CPLL synchronization bandwidth as wide as 40 MHz and allows phase-locking of more than 60% of the power emitted by the FFO even for FFO linewidth of about 10 MHz. This percentage of phase-locked power three times exceeds that achieved with conventional room-temperature PLLs. Such an improvement enables reducing the FFO phase noise and extending the SIR operation range.Another new approach to the FFO phase-locking has been proposed and experimentally verified. The FFO has been synchronized by a cryogenic harmonic phase detector (CHPD) based on the SIS junction. The CHPD operates simultaneously as the harmonic mixer (HM) and phase detector. We have studied the HM based on the SIS junction theoretically; in particular we calculated 3D dependences of the HM output signal power versus the bias voltage and the LO power. Results of the calculations have been compared with experimental measurements. Good qualitative and quantitative correspondence has been achieved. The FFO phase-locking by the CHPD has been demonstrated. Such a PLL system is expected to be extra wideband. This concept is very promising for building of the multi-pixel SIR array.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
V.P. Koshelets, S.V. Shitov, L.V. Filippenko, A.M. Baryshev, H. Golstein, T. de Graauw, W. Luinge, H. Schaeffer, H. van de Stadt, First implementation of a superconducting integrated receiver at 450 GHz. Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(9), 1273 (1996)
V.P. Koshelets, S.V. Shitov, A.B. Ermakov, O.V. Koryukin, L.V. Filippenko, A.V. Khudchenko, M.Y.u. Torgashin, P. Yagoubov, R. Hoogeveen, O.M. Pylypenko, Superconducting integrated receiver for TELIS. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15, 960–963, 2005
V.P. Koshelets, S.V. Shitov, A.V. Shchukin, L.V. Filippenko, J. Mygind, Linewidth of submillimeter wave flux-flow oscillators. Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 699–701 (1996)
V.P. Koshelets, S.V. Shitov, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, L.V. Filippenko, V.V. Khodos, V.L. Vaks, A.M. Baryshev, P.R. Wesselius, J. Mygind, Towards a phase-locked superconducting integrated receiver: prospects and limitations. Phys. C 367, 249–255 (2002)
V.P. Koshelets, S.V. Shitov, A.V. Shchukin, L.V. Filippenko, J. Mygind, A.V. Ustinov, Self-pumping effects and radiation linewidth of josephson flux-flow oscillators. Phys. Rev. B 56, 5572–5577 (1997)
V.P. Koshelets, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, A.S. Sobolev, M.Yu. Torgashin, V.V. Kurin, A.L. Pankratov, J. Mygind, Optimization of the phase-locked flux-flow oscillator for the submm integrated receiver. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15, 964–967 (2005)
S. AlBanna, R. Brito, B. Shillue, ALMA 1st LO photonic reference: status of phase drift measurements. NRAO website. Available: http://www.tuc.nrao.edu/~bshillue/E2E_Phase{\_}Drift{\_}Status{\_}RevB.doc (2005)
A.V. Khudchenko, V.P. Koshelets, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, P.A. Yagoubov, O.M. Pylypenko, Cryogenic phase detector for superconducting integrated receiver. IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17, 606–608 (2007)
A.V. Khudchenko, V.P. Koshelets, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, O.M. Pylypenko, P.A. Yagoubov, Cryogenic phase locking loop system for flux-flow oscillator, in Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology (ISSTT-08) 2, 511–515 (2009)
A.V. Khudchenko, V.P. Koshelets, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, P.A. Yagoubov, O.M. Pylypenko, Cryogenic phase locking loop system for superconducting integrated receiver, Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22(8), (2009)
V.C. Lindsey, Synchronization Systems in Communication and Control (Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1972)
J.R. Tucker, M.J. Feldman, Rev. Mod. Phys. 57(4), 1055 (1985).
K.K. Likharev, Dynamics of Josephson junctions and circuits (Gordon and Breach, 1986)
A.V. Khudchenko, V.P. Koshelets, P.N. Dmitriev, Ermakov, A cryogenic phase detector for a cooled wideband phase-lock loop system. J. Commun. Tech. Electron. 53(5) 594–599 (2008)
F.M. Gardner, Phaselock Techniques (Wiley, 1979)
A.V. Khudchenko, V.P. Koshelets, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, O.M. Pylypenko, Cryogenic phase locking loop system for flux-flow oscillators, Extended Abstracts of the International Superconductive Conference ISEC’2009 HF-P17 Japan (2009)
A.L. Pankratov, V.L. Vaks, V.P. Koshelets, Spectral properties of phase locked flux-flow oscillator. J. Appl. Phys. 102, 0629 (2007)
S. Withington, P. Kittara, G. Yassin, Multitone quantum simulations of saturating tunnel junction mixers. J. Appl. Phys. 93, 9812–9822 (2003)
P. Kittara, S. Withington, G. Yassin, Theoretical and numerical analysis of very high harmonic superconducting tunnel junction mixers. J. Appl. Phys. 101, 024508 (2007)
P.K. Tien, J.P. Gordon, Multiphoton process observed in the interaction of microwave fields with the tunneling between superconductor filmsPhys. Rev. 129, 647–653 (1963)
N.R. Werthamer, Nonlinear self-coupling of josephson radiation in superconducting tunnel junction Phys. Rev. 147, 255 (1966)
Acknowledgements
The authors thank colleagues at IREE and SRON for support and assistance in experiments and fruitful discussions: A.M. Baryshev, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, P.A. Yagoubov, H. Golstein, and M. van den Bemt.
The work was supported in parts by RFBR projects 09-02-00246, 09-02-12172-ofi-m, Grant for Leading Scientific School 5423.2010.2 and State contract No. 02.740.11.0795.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Khudchenko, A.V., Koshelets, V.P., Kalashnikov, K.V. (2011). Cryogenic Phase-Locking Loop System Based on SIS Tunnel Junction. In: Sidorenko, A. (eds) Fundamentals of Superconducting Nanoelectronics. NanoScience and Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20158-5_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20158-5_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-20157-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-20158-5
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)