Skip to main content

Carboxytherapy in Aesthetic Medicine

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Aesthetic Medicine

Abstract

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a trace gas of the atmosphere (cca 0.038%), it is noninflammable, nontoxic in small concentrations, nonallergenic, and 1.5 times heavier than the air. The gas can be used for aesthetic purposes. The technique is described as well as the pitfalls. In aesthetic medicine, results were reached in skin rejuvenation, in the treatment of certain types of scars, especially atrophic ones, of striae atrophicae distensae (stretch marks), and of so-called cellulite.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Varlaro V, Manzo G, Mugnaini F, Bisacci C, Fiorucci P, De Rango P, Bisacci R (2007) Carboxytherapy: effects on microcirculation and its use in the treatment of severe lymphedema. Acta Phlebol 8(2):79–91

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lopez JC (2006) Carbon dioxide therapy (C.D.T.). In: Abstracts of 5th European Congress of Aesthetic Medicine, Krakow, September 2006

    Google Scholar 

  3. Leibaschoff G (2006) Carboxytherapy. In: Goldman MP, Leibaschoff G, Hexcel D, Bacci PA (eds) Cellulite: pathophysiology and treatment. Taylor & Francis, Philadel­phia, pp 197–210

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bretthauer M, Hoff G, Thiis-Evensen E, Grotmol T, Holmsen ST, Moritz V, Skovlund E (2002) Carbon dioxide insufflation reduces discomfort due to flexible sigmoideoscopy in colorectal cancer screening. Scand J Gastroenterol 37(9):1103–1107

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Lang EV, Gossler AA, Fick LJ, Barnhart W, Lacey DL (1999) Carbon dioxide angiography: effect of injection parameters on bolus configuration. J Vasc Interv Radiol 10(1):41–49

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Silbernakl S (1984) Despopoulos A: Atlas Fyziologie Cloveka. Avicenum, Prague, pp 84–89

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kocarek E (2004) Vedy o Zemi a medicina, vol 31. Karolinum Press, Prague, p 59

    Google Scholar 

  8. Schaff G. Cinquante ans de recherches cardio-vasculaires a Royat 1946-1996. www.cure-thermale-royat.com. Accessed 9/2/2010

  9. Barrieu (1932) www.cure-thermale-royat.com/fr.1,435,2049.html. Accessed 4/10/2010

  10. Romuef JB (1953) http://intensepulselight.com/carbossi.html. Accessed 4/10/10

  11. Ambrosi C, Delanoe G (1976) Action therapeutique du CO2 naturel injecte sous la peau dans le arteriopathies des membres inférieurs. Ann Cardiol d’Angeiol 25(2):93–98

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ambrosi C (1988) Variation de la pression partielle d´oxygene mesuree par voie transcutanee chez les arteriopathes soumis a des epreuves de marche au cours du traitement de Royat. Presse Therm Cliri 1:46–48

    Google Scholar 

  13. Wheeless CR. Wheeless textbook of orthopaedics. www.wheelessonline.com. Accessed 26/1/2010

  14. Ambrosi C, Lafaye C (1978) Le traitement des arteriopathies par l´injection sous-cutanee de CO2 en cure a Royat. J Mal Vasc 3:35–38

    Google Scholar 

  15. Avril PB, Cheynel J, Body J, Dubost JJ, Delahaye R, Fabry R. Resultats sur diverses plaies cutanees d´un traitement thermal original a Royat. In: 15eme Congres Mondial de l’U.I.A. – Rome. www.cure-thermale-royat.com. Accessed 9/2/2010

  16. Body J, Morel F, Schaff G (2000) Effets vaso-actifs du CO2 thermal. Angeiologie 52(4):71–75

    Google Scholar 

  17. Body J (March 2008) Carbocrenotherapie pour les affections arteriolles. www.cure-thermale-royat.com

  18. Toriyama T, Kumada Y, Matsubara T, Murata A, Ogino A, Hayashi H, Nakashima H, Takahashi H, Matsuo HH (2002) Effect of artificial carbon dioxide foot bathing on critical limb ischemia (Fontaine IV) in peripheral arterial disease patients. Int Angiol 21(4):367–373

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Irie H, Tatsumi T, Takamiya M, Zen K, Takahashi T, Azuma A, Tateishi K, Nomura T, Hayashi H, Nakajima N, Okigaki M, Matsubara H (2005) Carbon dioxide-rich water bathing enhances collateral blood flow in ischemic hindlimb via mobilisation of endothelial progenitor cells and activation of NO-cGMP system. Circulation 111(12):1523–1529

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Le moyens therapeutiques de la cure a Royat. www.cure-thermale-royat.com. Accessed 9/2/2010

  21. Michel BH. Carboxytherapie et relachement cutane. www.chirurgie-dermatologique.com. Accessed 18/2/2010

  22. Brandi C, D’Aniello C, Grimaldi L, Bosi B, Dei I, Lattarulo P, Alessandrini C (2001) Carbon dioxide therapy in the treatment of localised adiposities: clinical study and his­topathological correlations. Aesthetic Plast Surg 25(3):170–174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. D’Arcangelo D, Facchiano F, Barlucchi LM, Melillo G, Illi B, Testolin L, Gaetano C, Capogrossi MC (2000) Acidosis inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis and function and induces basic fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Circ Res 86(3):312–318

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Guerra RR, Kriazhev L, Hernandez-Blazquez FJ, Bateman A (2007) Progranulin is a stress-response factor in fibroblasts subjected to hypoxia and acidosis. Growth Factors 25(4):280–285

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Swim HE, Parker RF (1958) The role of carbon dioxide as an essential nutrient for six permanent strains of fibroblasts. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 4(5):525–528

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Wang JH, Thampatty BP, Lin JS, Im HJ (2007) Mechanoregulation of gene expression in fibroblasts. Gene 391(1–2):1–15

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Kippenberger S, Loitsch S, Guschel M, Mueller J, Knies Y, Kaufmann R, Bernd A (2005) Mechanical stretch stimulates protein kinase B/Akt phosphorylation in epidermal cells via angiotensin II Type 1 receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor. J Biol Chem 280(4):3060–3067

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kessler D, Dethlefsen S, Haase I, Plomann M, Hirsche F, Krieg T, Eckes B (2001) Fibroblasts in mechanically stressed collagen lattices assume a “synthetic” phenotype. J Biol Chem 276(39):36575–36585

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Kippenberger S, Bernd A, Loitsch S, Guschel M, Mueller J, Bereiter-Hahn J, Kaufmann R (2000) Signaling of mechanical stretch in human keratinocytes via MAP kinases. J Investig Dermatol 114(3):408–412

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Knies Y, Bernd A, Kaufmann R, Bereiter-Hahn J, Kippenberger S (2006) Mechanical stretch induces clustering of ß1-integrins and facilitates adhesion. Exp Dermatol 15(5):347–355

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Grinnell F, Zhu M, Carlson MA, Abrams JM (1999) Release of mechanical tension triggers apoptosis of human fibroblasts in a model of regressing granulation tissue. Exp Cell Res 248(2):608–619

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kippenberger S, Loitsch S, Mueller J, Guschel M, Ramirez-Bosca A, Kaufmann R, Bernd A (2000) Melanocytes respond to mechanical stretch by activation of mitogen-­activated protein kinases (MAPK). Pigment Cell Res 13(4):278–280

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Wong T, McGrath JA, Navsaria H (2007) The role of fibroblasts in tissue engineering and regeneration. Br J Dermatol 156(6):1149–1155

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Ferreira JCT, Haddad A, Tavares SAN (2008) Increase in collagen turnover induced by intradermal injection of carbon dioxide in rats. J Drugs Dermatol 7(3):201–206

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Varani J, Schuger L, Dame MK, Leonard Ch, Fligiel SEG, Kang S, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ (2004) Reduced fibroblast interaction with intact collagen as a mechanism for depressed collagen synthesis in photodamaged skin. J Invest Dermatol 122(6):1471–1479

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Yaar M (2006) Clinical and histological features of intrinsic versus extrinsic skin aging. In: Gilchrest BA, Krutman J (eds) Skin aging. Springer, Berlin, pp 10–11

    Google Scholar 

  37. Brandi C, D’Aniello C, Grimaldi L, Caiazzo E, Stanghellini E (2004) Carbon dioxide therapy: effects on skin irregularity and its use as a complement to liposuction. Aesthetic Plast Surg 28(4):222–225

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Lee GS (2010) Carbon dioxide therapy in the treatment of cellulite: an audit of clinical practice. Aesthetic Plast Surg 34(2):239–243

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

The author thanks Prof. Dr. August Bernd, University Frankfurt/Main, Germany, for kind revision of the section about cellular reactions on mechanical effect of the gas flow.

Disclosure:I have no significant interest with commercial supporters.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nina Koutná .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Koutná, N. (2012). Carboxytherapy in Aesthetic Medicine. In: Prendergast, P., Shiffman, M. (eds) Aesthetic Medicine. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20113-4_43

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20113-4_43

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-20112-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-20113-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics