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8 Fruiting Body Evolution in the Ascomycota: a Molecular Perspective Integrating Lichenized and Non-Lichenized Groups

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Book cover Evolution of Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 14))

Abstract

Fruiting body traits are among the most widely used characters in fungal classification. Due to the paucity and homoplasy of ascomatal features, however, ascomycete classification has been notoriously instable over the past 100 years. With the growing pool of molecular data and advancing bioinformatics tools we now begin to unravel some of the higher-level relationships in the Ascomycota and the evolution of their ascomatal characters. This review highlights the phylogenetic distribution of ascomatal traits (ascoma type, ascoma development, ascus structure) across the currently accepted classes in the Ascomycota. It shows that fruiting body evolution follows a complex pattern, which we are only beginning to understand. Further, it examines repeated themes of morphological evolution, the significance of ontogenetic characters, and the employment of ancestral character state reconstruction to assess fruiting body evolution. A particular focus is the intertwined evolutionary history of lichenized and non-lichenized species in the Ascomycota. While traditional studies often treated mutualistic fungi separately, this review emphasizes that we can only reach a comprehensive understanding of ascomatal evolution in the ascomycetes, if we integrate lichenized and non-lichenized fungi in molecular phylogenetics as well as in morphological and ontogenetic studies.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks Thorsten Lumbsch (Chicago) for initially introducing me to this interesting topic and for continuously supporting and encouraging me in my research. I am indebted to Thorsten, Mariette Cole and Steffen Pauls (both St. Paul) for helpful comments on the manuscript. Anna Balla (Chicago) kindly provided the drawings in Fig. 8.1. My studies on fruiting body evolution in lichenized fungi were partly supported by a fellowship of the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD).

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  1. Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Imke Schmitt

  2. Goethe Universität Frankfurt, Institut für Ökologie, Evolution und Diversität, Siesmayerstrasse 70, 60323, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Imke Schmitt

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  1. , Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany

    Stefanie Pöggeler

  2. , Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Neugasse 24, Jena, 07743, Germany

    Johannes Wöstemeyer

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Schmitt, I. (2011). 8 Fruiting Body Evolution in the Ascomycota: a Molecular Perspective Integrating Lichenized and Non-Lichenized Groups. In: Pöggeler, S., Wöstemeyer, J. (eds) Evolution of Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms. The Mycota, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19974-5_8

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