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7 Evolution of the ‘Plant-Symbiotic’ Fungal Phylum, Glomeromycota

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Book cover Evolution of Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms

Part of the book series: The Mycota ((MYCOTA,volume 14))

Abstract

The most widespread and prominent symbiosis between land plants and fungi is the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). This type of mycorrhiza symbiosis is formed between approximately 80% of land plants and a monophyletic group of obligate symbiotic, multikaryotic and asexual fungi, the Glomeromycota. Despite the enormous ecological and economical importance of AM fungi, their biology is poorly understood. The focus here is, after reporting some historical aspects, on the recently advanced understanding of molecular phylogenetic relationships, the evolution and biogeography, and the obligate symbiotic endobacteria of AM fungi. Fossils and molecular clock estimates date the origin of AM symbioses to at least 460 MY ago, and AM fungi and land plants coevolved since then. Possibly, the fungi in the Glomeromycota were already ‘on the symbiotic track’ long before land plants originated. Aspects regarding the asexual evolution and heterokaryotic nature of glomeromycotan fungi and a feasible species concept are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Manuela Krüger for her help with the artwork and for helpful comments on and proofreading of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Munich (LMU), Grosshaderner Strasse 2–4, 82152, Martinsried, Germany

    Arthur Schüßler

  2. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK

    Christopher Walker

  3. School of Earth Sciences and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    Christopher Walker

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Correspondence to Arthur Schüßler .

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  1. , Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, Göttingen, 37077, Germany

    Stefanie Pöggeler

  2. , Institut für Allgemeine Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Neugasse 24, Jena, 07743, Germany

    Johannes Wöstemeyer

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Schüßler, A., Walker, C. (2011). 7 Evolution of the ‘Plant-Symbiotic’ Fungal Phylum, Glomeromycota . In: Pöggeler, S., Wöstemeyer, J. (eds) Evolution of Fungi and Fungal-Like Organisms. The Mycota, vol 14. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19974-5_7

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