Abstract
The best available classification of this complex group is the biological description of lesions of infants and children published by Mulliken and Glowacki in 1982 [1]. This exemplifies the best in clinicopathological classifications and can be applied to vascular lesions of the head and neck in all ages. It is based on cellular features and correlated with clinical findings and natural history. It separates two main biologically different lesion types: haemangiomas and vascular malformations (Table 14.1). This chapter will refer extensively to the subtypes it defines. Mulliken and Glowacki classification [1] has stood the test of time and was adopted by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies in 1996. It is widely used as the basis for describing a group of conditions, often characterised by a ‘birthmark’. A minor modification was proposed in 1988 [2] which additionally divided vascular malformations into low- and high-flow lesions (Table 14.2).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Mulliken JB, Glowacki J. Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: a classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982;69:412–20.
Jackson IT, Forbes G, May GR. Vascular anomalies. In: Mustarde JC, Jackson IT, editors. Plastic surgery in infancy and childhood. London: Churchill-Livingston; 1988.
Jackson IT, Carreño R, Potparic Z, Hussain K. Hemangiomas, vascular malformations, and lymphovenous malformations: classification and methods of treatment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1993;91(7):1216–30.
Chang LC, Haggstrom AN, Drolet BA, et al. Growth characteristics of infantile hemangiomas: implications for management. Pediatrics. 2008;122:360–7.
Finn MC, Glowacki J, Mulliken JB. Congenital vascular lesions: clinical application of a new classification. J Pediatr Surg. 1983;18:894–900.
Boon LM, Ballieux F, Vikkula M. Pathogenesis of vascular anomalies. Clin Plast Surg. 2011;38(1):7–19.
Burns AJ, Navarro JA, Cooner RD. Classification of vascular anomalies and the comprehensive treatment of haemangiomas. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124(1 Suppl):69e–81e.
Puttgen KB, Pearl M, Tekes A, Mitchell SE. Update on pediatric extracranial vascular anomalies of the head and neck. Childs Nerv Syst. 2010;26(10):1417–33. Epub 10 Aug 2010.
Hassanein AH, Mulliken JB, Fishman SJ, Greene AK. Evaluation of terminology for vascular anomalies in current literature. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127(1):347–51.
Hoege PH. Infantile haemangioma: new aspects on the pathogenesis of the most common skin tumour in children. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(2):234–5.
Ezekowitz RAB, Mulliken JB, Folkman J. Interferon alfa-2a therapy for life-threatening hemangiomas of infancy. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:1456–63.
Léauté-Labrèze C, DumasdelaRoque E, Hubiche T, Boralevi F, Thambo JB, Taïeb A. Propranolol for severe hemangiomas of infancy. N Engl J Med. 2008;358(24):2649–51.
Muir T, Kirsten M, Fourie P, Dippenaar N, Ionescu GO. Intralesional bleomycin injection (IBI) treatment for haemangiomas and congenital vascular malformations. Pediatr Surg Int. 2004;19(12):766–73. Epub 22 Jan 2004.
Stier MF, Glick SA, Hirsch RJ. Laser treatment of pediatric vascular lesions: port wine stains and hemangiomas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(2):261–85.
Pascual-Castroviejo I. Vascular and nonvascular intracranial malformations associated. Neuroradiology. 1978;16(1):82–4.
Metry DW, et al. A prospective study of PHACE syndrome in infantile hemangiomas: demographic features, clinical findings, and complications. Am J Med Genet A. 2006;140A(9):975–86.
Rozman Z, Thambidorai RR, Zaleha AM, Zakaria Z, Zulfiqar MA. Lymphangioma: is intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy effective? Biomed Imaging Interv J. 2011;7(3):e182011.
Yamaki T, Nozaki M, Fujiwara O, Yoshida E. Duplex-guided foam sclerotherapy for the treatment of the symptomatic venous malformations of the face. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28(7):619–22.
Berenguer B, Burrows P, Zurakowski D, Mulliken J. Sclerotherapy of craniofacial venous malformations: complications and results. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999;104(1):1–11.
Thiex R, Wu I, Mulliken JB, Greene AK, Rahbar R, Orbach DB. Safety and clinical efficacy of Onyx for embolization of extracranial head and neck vascular anomalies. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011;32:1082–6.
Gardner P, Dalsing M, Weisberger E, Sawchuk A, Miyamoto R. Carotid body tumors, inheritance, and a high incidence of associated cervical paragangliomas. Am J Surg. 1996;172(2):196–9.
Shamblin WR, ReMine WH, Sheps SG, et al. Carotid body tumor (chemodectoma). Clinicopathologic analysis of ninety cases. Am J Surg. 1971;122:732–9.
Arya S, Rao V, Juvekar S, Dcruz AK. Carotid body tumors: objective criteria to predict the shamblin group on MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008;29(7):1349–54. Epub 1 Apr 2008.
Ramina R, Maniglia JJ, Fernandes YB, Paschoal JR, Pfeilsticker LN, Neto MC, Borges G. Jugular foramen tumors: diagnosis and treatment. Neurosurg Focus. 2004;17(2):E5.
Dedecjus M, Tazbir J, Kaurzel Z, Lewinski A, Strozyk G, Brzezinski J. Selective embolization of thyroid arteries as a preresective and palliative treatment of thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2007; 14(3):847–52.
Phadke RV, Venkatesh SK, Kumar S, Tandon V, Pandey R, Tyagi I, Jain VK, Chhabra DK. Embolization of cranial/spinal tumours and vascular malformations with hydrogel microspheres: an experience of 69 cases. Acta Radiol. 2002;43(1):15–20.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Byrne, J.V. (2012). Head and Neck Vascular Lesions. In: Tutorials in Endovascular Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19154-1_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19154-1_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-19153-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-19154-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)