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Biologische Rhythmen

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Vergleichende Tierphysiologie

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

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Zusammenfassung

Zahlreiche Prozesse in der Biologie beruhen auf regelmäßig wiederkehrenden Ereignissen, die als biologische Rhythmen bezeichnet werden. Ihre Periodendauer reicht von Millisekunden bei Nervenimpulsen bis zu mehreren Jahren bei den Populationszyklen von Säugetieren (Abb. 10.1). Die periodischen Änderungen des Membranpotentials von Nervenzellen bilden die Grundlage der Erregungsleitung im Nervensystem. Mit der Frequenz der Impulse wird zusätzlich noch die Information digital codiert und verarbeitet. Ventilation und Herztätigkeit haben Periodendauern im Bereich von Sekunden und beruhen auf periodischen Muskelkontraktionen. In diesem Fall sind es Pumpvorgänge, die für die Versorgung des Körpers unerlässlich sind und ein ganzes Leben lang fehlerfrei rhythmisch funktionieren müssen. Die Sekretion vieler Hormone erfolgt periodisch in Schüben, deren Dauer zwischen mehreren Minuten und Stunden schwankt. Bei den Hypophysenhormonen werden die Schübe durch negative Rückkoppelung beeinflusst; auf diese Weise ist die rhythmische Sekretion ein einfacher Weg zur Dosierungskontrolle.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fachbereich Biologie – Zoologie –, Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße, 35043, Marburg, Germany

    Professor Dr. Gerhard Heldmaier

  2. Zoologisches Institut, Universität München, Luisenstraße 14, 80333, München, Germany

    Professor Dr. Gerhard Neuweiler

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  1. Professor Dr. Gerhard Heldmaier
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  2. Professor Dr. Gerhard Neuweiler
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© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Heldmaier, G., Neuweiler, G. (2004). Biologische Rhythmen. In: Vergleichende Tierphysiologie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18950-0_10

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18950-0_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

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