Abstract
The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was first discovered by Sen and Baltimore in 1986 as a transcription factor that binds to the intronic enhancer of the immunglobulin κ-light chain gene of mature B cells and plasma cells. Since then, the NF-κB/Rel family of dimeric transcription factors has been the subject of intense research documented by thousands of publications. It became clear that NF-κB is present in virtually all cell types where it is held in the cytoplasm in an inactive state by association with specific inhibitor proteins (IκBs). In response to a great variety of extracellular stimuli, e.g., inflammatory cytokines, NF-κB is activated and translocates to the nucleus where it controls the expression of a large number of target genes. Target genes are involved in the regulation of multiple biological processes ranging from inflammation, development, cell survival/apoptosis, cell growth, cellular transformation, to neuronal differentiation. Here we focus on the central role of NF-κB in promoting inflammation and mediating innate and adaptive immune responses. In particular, inflammatory diseases associated with dysregulated NF-κB activity are highlighted and the NF-κB system as target for anti-inflammatory drugs is discussed.
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Lasar, A., Marienfeld, R., Wirth, T., Baumann, B. (2004). NF-κB: Critical Regulator of Inflammation and the Immune Response. In: Gossen, M., Kaufmann, J., Triezenberg, S.J. (eds) Transcription Factors. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 166. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18932-6_11
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