Skip to main content

Nuclear Neuroimaging in Child Psychiatry

  • Chapter
Nuclear Medicine in Psychiatry
  • 175 Accesses

Abstract

Neuroimaging in child psychiatry is a particularly fascinating area of research, but its development is hampered by the obvious ethical reason associated with submitting children to experimental studies involving ionizing radiation. The progress in nuclear imaging in child psychiatry is dependent on the progress accomplished in adults and the availability of specific treatments for specific disorders. A better understanding of neuroimaging findings in adult psychiatry and a proven impact of these findings on the well-being of the patients will constitute a driving force for conducting research in children.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abell F, Krams M, Ashburner J, Passingham R, Friston K, Frackowiak R, Happe F, Frith C, Frith U (1999) The neuroanatomy of autism: a voxel-based whole brain analysis of structural scans. Neuroreport 10:1647–1651

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Amen DG, Paldi F, Thisted RA (1993) Brain SPECT imaging. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:1080–1081

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arnold LE, Stoff DM, Cook EJr, Cohen DJ, Kruesi M, Wright C, Hattab J, Graham P, Zametkin A, Castellanos FX et al (1995) Ethical issues in biological psychiatric research with children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34:929–939

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Audenaert K, Van Laere K, Dumont F, Vervaet M, Goethals I, Slegers G, Mertens J, Van Heeringen C, Dierckx RA (2003) Decreased 5-HT2a receptor binding in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Nucl Med 44:163–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aylward EH, Minshew NJ, Goldstein G, Honeycutt NA, Augustine AM, Yates KO, Barta PE, Pearlson GD (1999) MRI volumes of amygdala and hippocampus in non-mentally retarded autistic adolescents and adults. Neurology 53:2145–2150

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baron-Cohen S, Ring HA, Wheelwright S, Bullmore ET, Brammer MJ, Simmons A, Williams SC (1999) Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: an fMRI study. Eur J Neurosci 11: 1891–1898

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonte FJ, Trivedi MH, Devous MDSr, Harris TS, Payne JK, Weinberg WA, Haley RW (2001) Occipital brain perfusion deficits in children with major depressive disorder. J Nucl Med 42: 1059–1061

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camargo EE (2001) Brain SPECT in neurology and psychiatry. J Nucl Med 42:611–623

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Courchesne E, Yeung-Courchesne R, Press GA, Hesselink JR, Jernigan TL (1988) Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII in autism. N Engl J Med 318:1349–1354

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Critchley HD, Daly EM, Bullmore ET, Williams SC, Van Amelsvoort T, Robertson DM, Rowe A, Phillips M, McAlonan G, Howlin P, Murphy DG (2000) The functional neuroanatomy of social behaviour: changes in cerebral blood flow when people with autistic disorder process facial expressions. Brain 123:2203–2212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Eliez S, Reiss AL (2000) MRI neuroimaging of childhood psychiatric disorders: a selective review. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 4:679–694

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst M (1999) PET in child psychiatry: the risks and benefits of studying normal healthy children. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 23:561–570

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ernst M, Rumsey JM (2000) Functional neuroimaging in child psychiatry. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2:124–130

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Flowers DL, Wood FB, Naylor CE (1991) Regional cerebral blood flow correlates of language processes in reading disability. Arch Neurol 48:637–643

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankle WG, Laruelle M (2002) Neuroreceptor imaging in psychiatric disorders. Ann Nucl Med 16:437–446

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genovese CR, Lazar NA, Nichols T (2002) Thresholding of statistical maps in functional neuroimaging using the false discovery rate. Neuroimage 15:870–878

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon CM, Dougherty DD, Fischman AJ, Emans SJ, Grace E, Lamm R, Alpert NM, Majzoub JA, Rauch SL (2001) Neural substrates of anorexia nervosa: a behavioral challenge study with positron emission tomography. J Pediatr 139:51–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon CT, Frazier JA, McKenna K, Giedd J, Zametkin A, Zahn T, Hommer D, Hong W, Kaysen D, Albus KE et al (1994) Childhood-onset schizophrenia: an NIMH study in progress. Schizophr Bull 20:697–712

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gross-Glenn K, Duara R, Barker WW, Loewenstein D, Chang JY, Yoshii F, Apicella AM, Pascal S, Boothe T, Sevush S et al (1991) Positron emission tomographic studies during serial wordreading by normal and dyslexic adults. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 13:531–544

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagman JO, Wood F, Buchsbaum MS, Tallal P, Flowers L, Katz W (1992) Cerebral brain metabolism in adult dyslexic subjects assessed with positron emission tomography during performance of an auditory task. Arch Neurol 49:734–739

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haznedar MM, Buchsbaum MS, Wei TC, Hof PR, Cartwright C, Bienstock CA, Hollander E (2000) Limbic circuitry in patients with autism spectrum disorders studied with positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Psychiatry 157:1994–2001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Herholz K, Krieg JC, Emrich HM, Pawlik G, Beil C, Pirke KM, Pahl JJ, Wagner R, Wienhard K, Ploog D et al (1987) Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa measured by positron emission tomography. Biol Psychiatry 22:43–51

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Howard MA, Cowell PE, Boucher J, Broks P, Mayes A, Farrant A, Roberts N (2000) Convergent neuroanatomical and behavioural evidence of an amygdala hypothesis of autism. Neuroreport 11:2931–2935

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hugdahl K, Heiervang E, Ersland L, Lundervold A, Steinmetz H, Smievoll AI (2003) Significant relation between MR measures of planum temporale area and dichotic processing of syllables in dyslexic children. Neuropsychologia 41:666–675

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hynd GW, Hall J, Novey ES, Eliopulos D, Black K, Gonzalez JJ, Edmonds JE, Riccio C, Cohen M (1995) Dyslexia and corpus callosum morphology. Arch Neurol 52:32–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobsen LK, Giedd JN, Castellanos FX, Vaituzis AC, Hamburger SD, Kumra S, Lenane MC, Rapoport JL (1998) Progressive reduction of temporal lobe structures in childhood-onset schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 155:678–685

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kates WR, Mostofsky SH, Zimmerman AW, Mazzocco MM, Landa R, Warsofsky IS, Kaufmann WE, Reiss AL (1998) Neuroanatomical and neurocognitive differences in a pair of monozygous twins discordant for strictly defined autism. Ann Neurol 43:782–791

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim BN, Lee JS, Cho SC, Lee DS (2001) Methylphenidate increased regional cerebral blood flow in subjects with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Yonsei Med J 42:19–29

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kowatch RA, Devous MDSr, Harvey DC, Mayes TL, Trivedi MH, Emslie GJ, Weinberg WA (1999) SPECT HMPAO study of regional cerebral blood flow in depressed adolescents and normal controls. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 23:643–656

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langleben DD, Austin G, Krikorian G, Ridlehuber HW, Goris ML, Strauss HW (2001) Interhemispheric asymmetry of regional cerebral blood flow in prepubescent boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Nucl Med Commun 22:1333–1340

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langleben DD, Acton PD, Austin G, Elman I, Krikorian G, Monterosso JR, Portnoy O, Ridlehuber HW, Strauss HW (2002) Effects of methylphenidate discontinuation on cerebral blood flow in prepubescent boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Nucl Med 43:1624–1629

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loring DW, Meador KJ, Allison JD, Pillai JJ, Lavin T, Lee GP, Balan A, Dave V (2002) Now you see it, now you don’t: statistical and methodological considerations in fMRI. Epilepsy Behav 3: 539–547

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lou HC, Henriksen L, Bruhn P, Borner H, Nielsen JB (1989) Striatal dysfunction in attention deficit and hyperkinetic disorder. Arch Neurol 46:48–52

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lou HC, Henriksen L, Bruhn P (1990) Focal cerebral dysfunction in developmental learning disabilities. Lancet 335:8–11

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manes F, Piven J, Vrancic D, Nanclares V, Plebst C, Starkstein SE (1999) An MRI study of the corpus callosum and cerebellum in mentally retarded autistic individuals. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 11:470–474

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meisenzahl EM, Schlosser R (2001) Functional magnetic resonance imaging research in psychiatry. Neuroimaging Clin North Am 11:365–374

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Naruo T, Nakabeppu Y, Sagiyama K, Munemoto T, Homan N, Deguchi D, Nakajo M, Nozoe S (2000) Characteristic regional cerebral blood flow patterns in anorexia nervosa patients with binge/purge behavior. Am J Psychiatry 157:1520–1522

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nowell MA, Hackney DB, Muraki AS, Coleman M (1990) Varied MR appearance of autism: fifty-three pediatric patients having the full autistic syndrome. Magn Reson Imaging 8:811–816

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nozoe S, Naruo T, Nakabeppu Y, Soejima Y, Nakajo M, Tanaka H (1993) Changes in regional cerebral blood flow in patients with anorexia nervosa detected through single photon emission tomography imaging. Biol Psychiatry 34:578–580

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohnishi T, Matsuda H, Hashimoto T, Kunihiro T, Nishikawa M, Uema T, Sasaki M (2000) Abnormal regional cerebral blood flow in childhood autism. Brain 123:1838–1844

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Otsuka H, Harada M, Mori K, Hisaoka S, Nishitani H (1999) Brain metabolites in the hippocampus-amygdala region and cerebellum in autism: an 1H-MR spectroscopy study. Neuroradiology 41:517–519

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Piven J, Arndt S, Bailey J, Havercamp S, Andreasen NC, Palmer P (1995) An MRI study of brain size in autism. Am J Psychiatry 152:1145–1149

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rumsey JM, Andreason P, Zametkin AJ, Aquino T, King AC, Hamburger SD, Pikus A, Rapoport JL, Cohen RM (1992) Failure to activate the left temporoparietal cortex in dyslexia. An oxygen 15 positron emission tomographic study. Arch Neurol 49:527–534

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rumsey JM, Zametkin AJ, Andreason P, Hanahan AP, Hamburger SD, Aquino T, King AC, Pikus A, Cohen RM (1994) Normal activation of frontotemporal language cortex in dyslexia, as measured with oxygen 15 positron emission tomography. Arch Neurol 51:27–38

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rumsey JM, Nace K, Donohue B, Wise D, Maisog JM, Andreason P (1997) A positron emission tomographic study of impaired word recognition and phonological processing in dyslexic men. Arch Neurol 54:562–573

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Santosh PJ (2000) Neuroimaging in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. Arch Dis Child 82:412–419

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Semrud-Clikeman M (1997) Evidence from imaging on the relationship between brain structure and developmental language disorders. Semin Pediatr Neurol 4:117–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shaywitz BA, Shaywitz SE, Pugh KR, Mencl WE, Fulbright RK, Skudlarski P, Constable RT, Marchione KE, Fletcher JM, Lyon GR, Gore JC (2002) Disruption of posterior brain systems for reading in children with developmental dyslexia. Biol Psychiatry 52:101–110

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Spalletta G, Pasini A, Pau F, Guido G, Menghini L, Caltagirone C (2001) Prefrontal blood flow dysregulation in drug naive ADHD children without structural abnormalities. J Neural Transm 108:1203–1216

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi T, Shirane R, Sato S, Yoshimoto T (1999) Developmental changes of cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 20:917–922

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Takano A, Shiga T, Kitagawa N, Koyama T, Katoh C, Tsukamoto E, Tamaki N (2001) Abnormal neuronal network in anorexia nervosa studied with I-123-IMP SPECT. Psychiatry Res 107:45–50

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Logan J, Franceschi D, Maynard L, Ding YS, Gatley SJ, Gifford A, Zhu W, Swanson JM (2002) Relationship between blockade of dopamine transporters by oral methylphenidate and the increases in extracellular dopamine: therapeutic implications. Synapse 43:181–187

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Plessen K, Lundervold A, Duta N, Heiervang E, Klauschen F, Smievoll AI, Ersland L, Hugdahl K (2002) Less developed corpus callosum in dyslexic subjects — a structural MRI study. Neuropsychologia 40:1035–1044

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox J, Tsuang MT, Ledger E, Algeo J, Schnurr T (2002) Brain perfusion in autism varies with age. Neuropsychobiology 46:13–16

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zilbovicius M, Boddaert N, Belin P, Poline JB, Remy P, Mangin JF, Thivard L, Barthelemy C, Samson Y (2000) Temporal lobe dysfunction in childhood autism: a PET study. Positron emission tomography. Am J Psychiatry 157:1988–1993

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Piepsz, A., Ham, H. (2004). Nuclear Neuroimaging in Child Psychiatry. In: Otte, A., Audenaert, K., Peremans, K., van Heeringen, K., Dierckx, R.A. (eds) Nuclear Medicine in Psychiatry. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18773-5_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18773-5_12

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62287-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18773-5

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics