Abstract
Handoff is a process of transferring a mobile station from one base station or channel, to another. The channel change due to handoff occurs through a change in a time slot, frequency band, codeword, or a combination of these, for time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), or a hybrid scheme, respectively. The handoff process determines the spectral efficiency (i.e., the maximum number of calls that can be served in a given area) and the quality perceived by users. Efficient handoff algorithms cost-effectively preserve and enhance the capacity and Quality of Service (QoS) of communication systems.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Liodakis G, Stavroulakis P (1994) A Novel Approach in Handover Initiation for Microcellular Systems, Proc. 44th IEEE VTC, pp. 1820–1823.
Lee W C Y (1993) Mobile Communications Design Fundamentals, 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Pollini G P (1996) Trends in Handover Design, IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 82–90.
Anagnostou M E, Manos G C (1994) Handover related performance of mobile communication networks, Proc. 44th IEEE VTC, pp. 111–114.
Frech E A, Mesquida C L (1989) Cellular Models and Handoff Criteria, Proc. 39th IEEE VTC, pp. 128–135.
Mende W R (1990) Evaluation of a Proposed Handover Algorithm for the GSM Cellular System, Proc. 40th IEEE VTC, pp. 264–269.
Munoz-Rodriguez D, Cattermole K W (1987) Multicriteria for Handoff in Cellular Mobile Radio, IEE Proc.,Vol. 134, pp. 85–88.
Senarath G H, Everitt D (1994) Comparison of Alternative Handoff Strategies for Microcellular Mobile Communication Systems, Proc. 44th IEEE VTC, pp. 1465–1469.
Kanai T, Furuya Y (1988) A Handoff Control Process for Microcellular Systems, Proc. 38th IEEE VTC, pp. 170–175.
Falciasecca G, Frullone M, Riva G, Serra A M (1989) Comparison of Different Handover Strategies for High Capacity Cellular Mobile Radio Systems, Proc. 39th IEEE VTC, pp. 122–127.
Corazza G E, Giancristofaro D, Santucci F (1994) Characterization of Handover Initialization in Cellular Mobile Radio Networks, Proc. 44th IEEE VTC, pp. 1869–1872.
Rappaport S S (1993) Blocking, Handoff and Traffic Performance for Cellular Communication Systems with Mixed Platforms,” IEE Proceedings-I, Vol. 140.
Ott G D (1977) Vehicle Location in Cellular Mobile Radio Systems, Vol. VT-26, No. 1, IEEE Trans.Veh. Tech.,Vol.VT-26, No. 1, pp. 43–36.
Lee W C Y (1995) Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, 2nd ed. McGraw Hill.
Holtzman J M, Sampath A (1995) Adaptive Averaging Methodology for Handoffs in Cellular Systems, IEEE Trans. on Veh. Tech.,Vol. 44,No. 1, pp. 59–66.
Sampath A, Holtzman J M (1994) Adaptive Handoffs Through Estimation of Fading Parameters, Proc. ICC.
Dassanayake P (1993) Effects of Measurement Sample on Performance of GSM Handover Algorithm, Electronic Letters,Vol. 29, pp. 1127–1128.
Dassanayake P (1994) Dynamic Adjustment of Propagation Dependent Parameters in Handover Algorithms, Proc. 44th IEEE VTC, pp. 73–76.
Rolle G (1986) The Mobile Telephone System C 450-a First Step Towards Digital, Proc. Second Nordic Seminar.
Chuah C N, Yates R D, Goodman D J (1995) Integrated Dynamic Radio Resource Management, Proc. 45th IEEE VTC, pp. 584–88.
Austin M D, Stuber G L (1994) Velocity Adaptive Handoff Algorithms for Microcellular Systems, IEEE Trans.Veh. Tech., Vol. 43,No. 3, pp. 549–561.
Kawabata K, Nakamura T, Fukuda E (1994) Estimating Velocity Using Diversity Reception, Proc. 44th IEEE VTC, pp. 371–74.
Austin M D, Stuber G L (1994) Directed Biased Handoff Algorithm for Urban Microcells, Proc. 44th IEEE VTC, pp. 101–5.
Chuah C N, Yates R D (1995) Evaluation of a Minimum Power Handoff Algorithm, Proc. IEEE PIMRC, pp. 814–818.
Chia S T S, Warburton R J (1990) Handover Criteria for a City Microcellular Radio Systems, Proc 40th IEEE VTC, pp. 276–281.
Asawa M, Stark W E (1994) A Framework for Optimal Scheduling of Handoffs in Wireless Networks, “Proc. IEEE Globecom,” pp. 1669–1673.
Kelly O E, Veeravalli V V (1995) A Locally Optimal Handoff Algorithm, Proc. IEEE PIMRC, pp. 809–813.
Rezaiifar R, Makowski A M, Kumar S (1995) Optimal Control of Handoffs in Wireless Networks, Proc. 45th IEEE VTC, pp. 887–91.
Kapoor V, Edwards G, Sankar R (1994) Handoff Criteria for Personal Communication Networks, pp. 1297–1301, Proc. ICC.
Munoz-Rodriguez D, Moreno-Cadenas J A, Ruiz-Sanchez M C, Gomez-Casaneda F (1992) Neural Supported Handoff Methodology in Microcellular Systems, Proc. 42nd IEEE VTC, Vol. 1, pp. 431–434.
Kinoshita Y, Itoh T (1993) Performance Analysis of a New Fuzzy Handoff Algorithm by an Indoor Propagation Simulator, Proc. 43rd IEEE VTC, pp. 241–245.
Maturino-Lozoya H, Munoz-Rodriguez D, Tawfik H (1994) Pattern Recognition Techniques in Handoff and Service Area Determination, Proc. 44th IEEE VTC, Vol. 1, pp. 96–100.
Munoz-Rodriguez D (1987) Handoff Procedure for Fuzzy Defined Radio Cells, Proc. 37th IEEE VTC, pp. 38–44.
Vijayan R, Holtzman J M (1993) Sensitivity of Handoff Algorithms to Variations in the Propagation Environment, Proc. 2nd IEEE Intl. Conf. on Universal Personal Communications.
Zhang N, Holtzman J (1994) Analysis of Handoff Algorithms using both Absolute and Relative Measurements, Proc. 44th IEEE VTC, Vol. 1, pp. 82–86.
Viterbi A J, Viterbi A J, Gilhousen K S, Zehavi E (1994) Soft Handoff Extends CDMA Cell Coverage and Increases Reverse Link Capacity, IEEE JSAC, Vol. 12,No. 8, pp. 1281–1288.
Rappaport T S (1996) Wireless Communications, Prentice-Hall Inc.
Berg J E, Bownds R, Lotse F (1992) Path Loss and Fading Models for Microcells at 900 MHz, Proc. 42nd IEEE VTC, pp. 666–671.
Gudmundson M (1991) Correlation Model for Shadow Fading in Mobile Radio Systems, Electronic Letters, Vol. 27,No. 23, pp. 2145–2146.
Tripathi N D (1997) Generic Adaptive Handoff Algorithms Using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks, Ph.D.Dissertation,Virginia Tech.
Tripathi N D, Reed J H, VanLandingham H F (2001) Radio Resource Management in Cellular Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Mamdani E H (1974) Applications of Fuzzy Algorithms for Simple Dynamic Plant, Proc. IEE, Vol. 121,No. 12, pp. 1585–1588.
Chheda A (1999) A Performance Comparison of the DS-CDMA IS-95B and IS-95A Soft Handoff Algorithms, IEEE VTC.
References
Viterbi A J (1995) Principles of Spread Spectrum Communication, Addison Wesley.
Togo T, Yoshii I, Kohno R (1998) Dynamic Cell-Size Control according to Geographical Mobile Distribution in a DS/CDMA Cellular System, The 9th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications, pp. 677–681.
Chen X H (1994) A Novel Adaptive Load Shedding Scheme for CDMA Cellular Mobile System, Proc. SINGAPORE ICC’ 94, Singapore, pp. 566–570.
Jeon H G, Hwang S H, Kwon S K (1997) A Channel Assignment Scheme for Reducing Call Blocking Rate in a DS-CDMA Cellular System, IEEE 6th International Conference on Personal Comm Record, Vol. 2, pp. 637–641.
Worley B, Takawira F (1998) Handoff Scheme in CDMA Cellular Systems, IEEE COMSIG’ 98, South Africa, pp. 255–260.
Hwang S H, Kim S L, Oh H S, Kang C E, Son J Y (1997) Soft Handoff Algorithm with Variable Thresholds in the CDMA Cellular Systems, IEEE Electronics Letters, Vol. 33, No. 19, pp. 1602–1603.
TR45 TIA/EIA/IS-95B (1998) Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Spread Spectrum Systems.
TIA/EIA/IS-2000-5 (1999) Upper Layer (Layer 3) Signaling Standard for cdma2000 Spread Spectrum Systems.
Chheda A (1999) A Performance Comparison of the CDMA IS-95B and IS-95A Soft Handoff Algorithms, IEEE VTC’ 99, 49th, Vol. 2, pp. 1407–1412.
Kinoshita Y, Omata Y (1992) Advanced Handoff Control using Fuzzy Inference for Indoor Radio Sytems, IEEE 42nd VTC, Vol. 2, pp. 649–653.
Kinoshita Y, Oku K (1995) Robustness Analysis of New Fuzzy Handover Control for Indoor Cellular, IEEE UPC, pp. 667–671.
Homnan B, Benjapolakul W (1998) A Handover Decision Procedure for Mobile Telephone Systems Using Fuzzy Logic, IEEE APCCAS’ 98, pp. 503–506.
Homnan B, Kunsriruksakul V, Benjapolakul W (2000) Adaptation of CDMA Soft Handoff Thresholds Using Fuzzy Inference System, IEEE ICPWC 2000, pp. 259–263.
Homnan B, Kunsriruksakul V, Benjapolakul W (2000) Fuzzy Inference System based Adaptation of CDMA Soft Handoff Thresholds with Different Defuzzification Schemes, Proc. 5th CDMA International Conference, pp. 347–351.
Kunsriruksakul V, Homnan B, Benjapolakul W (2001) Comparative Evaluation of Fixed and Adaptive Soft Handoff Parameters using Fuzzy Inference Systems in CDMA Mobile Communication Systems, IEEE VTC 2001,Greece, pp. 1077–1081.
Wong D, Lim T J (1993) Soft Handoff in CDMA Mobile Systems, IEEE Personal Communications, pp. 6–17.
TIA/EIA/IS-95A (1993) Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Spread Spectrum Systems.
Furukawa H (1998) Site Selection Transmission Power Control in DS-CDMA Cellular Downlink, IEEE ICUPC’ 98, pp. 987–991.
Lo K R, Chang C J, Shung C B (1999) A QoS-Guaranteed Fuzzy Channel Allocation Controller for Hierachical Cellular Systems, IEEE VTC’ 99, pp. 2428–2432.
Farinwata S S, Filev D, Langari R (2000) Fuzzy Control: Synthesis and Analysis, John Wiley & Sons.
Jang J S R, Sun C T, Mizutani E (1997) Neuro-Fuzzy and Soft Computing, Prentice Hall.
Klir G J, Yuan B (1995) Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic; Theory and Application, Prentice Hall.
Altrock C V (1995) Fuzzy Logic and Neuro-Fuzzy Applications Explained, Prentice Hall.
Saade J J, Diab H B (2000) Defuzzification Techniques for Fuzzy Controllers, IEEE Trans Syst,Man, Cybern,Vol. 30, pp. 223–229.
Kandel A, Friedman M (1998) Defuzzification Using Most Typical Values, IEEE Trans Syst,Man, Cybern, Vol. 28, pp. 901–906.
Homnan B, Benjapolakul W (2001) Trunk-Resource-Efficiency-Controlling Soft Handoff based on Fuzzy Logic and Gradient Descent Method, IEEE VTC 2001, Greece, pp. 1017–1021.
Viterbi A J, Viterbi A M, Gilhousen K S, Zehavi E (1994) Soft Handoff Extends CDMA Cell Coverage and Increases Reverse Link Capacity, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 12,No. 8, pp. 1281–1288.
Lee W C Y (1989) Mobile Cellular Telecommunication Systems, McGraw-Hill, NY.
Yang J, Lee W C Y (1997) Design Aspects and System Evaluations of IS-95 based CDMA Systems, IEEE Universal Personal Comm Record, 6th, Vol. 2, pp. 381–385.
Homnan B, Kunsriruksakul V, Benjapolakul W (2000) The Evaluation of Soft Handoff Performance between IS-95A and IS-95B/cdma2000, IASTED SPC 2000, Spain, pp. 38–42.
Homnan B, Kunsriruksakul V, Benjapolakul W (2000) A Comparative Performance Evaluation of Soft Handoff between IS-95A and IS-95B/cdma2000, IEEE APCCAS’ 2000, China, pp. 34–37.
Qualcomm (1992) The CDMA Network Engineering Handbook, Vol. 1.
Viterbi A M, Viterbi A J (1993) Erlang Capacity of a Power Controlled CDMA System, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,Vol. 11,No. 6, pp. 892–900.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stavroulakis, P. (2004). Fuzzy-Neural Applications in Handoff. In: Stavroulakis, P. (eds) Neuro-Fuzzy and Fuzzy-Neural Applications in Telecommunications. Signals and Communication Technology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18762-9_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18762-9_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62281-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18762-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive