Zusammenfassung
Um diagnostische Verfahren sinnvoll einsetzen zu können, müssen zunächst dieTestqualitäten Sensitivität und Spezifität bekannt sein. Bei der Interpretation von Testergebnissen sollte die Prätestwahrscheinlichkeit oder Prävalenz der vermuteten Erkrankung berücksichtigt werden, um den prädiktiven Wert möglichst realistisch abschätzen zu können. Die Schätzung der Prätestwahr-scheinlichkeit kann auf persönlichen klinischen Erfahrungen oder auf publizierten Daten beruhen. Hierbei sind aber typische Schätzfehler zu berücksichtigen.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Literatur
Bayes T (1763) An essay towards solving a problem in the doctrine of chances. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 53: 370–375
Bernstein J (1997) Test-indication curves. Med Dec Making 17: 103–106
Chalmers I (1989) Evaluating the effects of care during pregnancy and childbirth. In: Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC (eds) Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford University Press, pp 3–38
Chalmers I (1993) Scientific inquiry and authoritarianism in perinatal care and education. Birth 10: 151–166
Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC (eds) (1989) Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford University Press
Eddy DM (1988) Variations in physician practice: the role of uncertainty. In: Dowie J, Elstein A (eds) Professional judgment. A reader in clinical decision making. Cambridge University Press, pp 45–59
Eddy DM (1991) Common screening tests. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia
Enkin M (1996) The need for evidence-based obstetrics. Evidence-Based Medicine 1: 132–133
Enkin M, Keirse MJNC, Neilson J, Crowther C, Duley L, Hodett E, Hofmeyr J (2000) A guide to effective care in pregnancy & childbirth, 3rd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Fagan TJ (1975) Nomogram for Bayes’s theorem. N Engl J Med 293: 257
Fletcher RH, Fletcher SW, Wagner EH (1988) Clinical epidemiology: the essentials, 2nd edn. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore
Galen RS, Gambino SR (1979) Norm und Normabweichung klinischer Daten: Der prädiktive Wert und die Effizienz von medizinischen Diagnosen. G. Fischer, Stuttgart
Grant A (1989) Monitoring the fetus during labour. In: Chalmers I, Enkin M, and Keirse MJNC (eds) Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford University Press, vol 2, pp 846–882
Katz J (1988) Why doctors don’t disclose uncertainty. In: Dowie J, Elstein A (eds) Professional judgment. A reader in clinical decision making. Cambridge University Press, pp 544–565
Kuhns LR, Thornbury JR, Fryback DG (1989) Decision making in imaging. Year Book Medical Publishers, Chicago
Kürzl R (1996) Effizienz der klinischen Untersuchungen in der Schwangerenvorsorge. Gynäkologe 29: 541–544
Last JM (1988) A dictionary of epidemiology, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press
Marteau TM, Cook R, Kidd J, Michie S, Johnston M, Slack J, Shaw RW (1992) The psychological effects of false-positive results in prenatal screening for fetal abnormality: a prospective study. Prenat Diagn 12: 205–214
Meyer KB, Pauker SG (1987) Screening for HIV: Can we afford the false positive rate?. N Engl J Med 317: 238–241
Mohide P, Grant A (1989) Evaluating diagnosis and screening during pregnancy and childbirth. In: Chalmers I, Enkin M, Keirse MJNC (eds) Effective care in pregnancy and childbirth. Oxford University Press, vol 1, pp 66-80
Pauker SG, Kassirer JP (1975) Therapeutic decision making: a cost-benefit analysis. N Engl J Med 293: 229–234
Pauker SG, Kassirer JP (1980) The threshold approach to clinical decision making. N Engl J Med 302: 1109–1117
Piattelli-Palmarini M (1994) Inevitable illusions. How mistakes of reason rule our minds. Wiley & Sons, New York
Richardson WS (1997) Evidence-based diagnosis: More is needed. Evidence-Based Medicine 2: 70–71
Sackett DL, Haynes RB, Guyatt GH, Tugwell P (1991) Clinical epidemiology. A basic science for clinical medicine, 2nd edn. Little & Brown, Boston
Sackett DL, Straus S, Richardson WS, Rosenberg W, Haynes RB (2000) Evidencebased medicine. How to practice & teach EBM, 2nd edn, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Deutsche Ausgabe: Evidenzbasierte Medizin. EBM-Umsetzung und-Vermittlung. Bearb. von R. Kunz und L. Fritsche (1999) Zuckschwerdt, Germering/München
Sadler M (1997) Serum screening for Down’s syndrome: how much do health professionals know?. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 144: 176–179
Schneider H (1996) Intensivüberwachung des Feten sub partu oder die Qualität klinischer Forschung. Geburtsh Frauenheilk 56: 397–400
Sox HC (1986) Probability theory in the use of diagnostic tests. Application to critical study of the literature. Ann Intern Med 104: 60–66
Sox HC (1987) Common diagnostic tests. Use and interpretation. American College of Physicians, Philadelphia
Sox HC, Blatt MA, Higgins MC, Marton Kl (1988) Medical decision making. Butterworth, Boston
Stewart-Brown S, Farmer A (1997) Screening could seriously damage your health. Decisions to screen must take account of the social and psychological costs. BMJ 314: 533–534
Thacker SB (1997) Lessons in technology diffusion: the electronic fetal monitoring experience. Birth 24: 58–60
Tversky A, Kahneman D (1974) Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases. Science 185: 1124–1131
Weinstein MC, Fineberg AV (1980) Clinical decision analysis. Saunders, Philadelphia
Wildschut HIJ, Weiner CP, Peters TJ (1996) When to screen in obstetrics and gynecology. Saunders, Philadelphia
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kürzl, R. (2004). Grundlagen diagnostischer Tests und Screeningverfahren. In: Schneider, H., Husslein, P., Schneider, KT.M. (eds) Die Geburtshilfe. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18574-8_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18574-8_8
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-30522-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18574-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive