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Diabetes in der Schwangerschaft

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Diabetes in der Praxis

Zusammenfassung

Während der Gravidität erfolgt eine hormonelle Umstellung der Sexualhormone Östrogen, Progesteron, HPL (»human placental lactogen«) und Prolaktin, des plazentaren Wachstumshormons sowie der Nebennierenrindenhormone. Diese Veränderungen reduzieren im 2. Trimenon die Insulinsensitivität auf 30–50%, vermehren die hepatische Glukoseproduktion und verursachen eine diabetogene Stoffwechsellage (Kautzky-Willer 1998; Kjos u. Buchanan 1999). Bei gesunden Frauen wird dies durch eine 2- bis 3fache Steigerung der Insulinsekretion kompensiert. Daraus resultieren niedrigere Blutglukosespiegel als im nichtgraviden Zustand, die im Graviditätsverlauf nur gering ansteigen. Gesunde Schwangere haben somit i. Allg. 1 h postprandial eine mittlere Blutglukosekonzentration <120 mg/dl. Dieser Wert ist für die Therapie des Gestationsdiabetes (GDM, Schwangerschaftsdiabetes) sowie die Adaptation der Insulintherapie von Schwangeren mit präkonzeptionellem Diabetes mellitus (PDM, Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 oder 2 bzw. MODY; ▸ s. Abschn.9.4) von großer Bedeutung.

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Kautzky-Willer, A., Waldhäusl, W. (2004). Diabetes in der Schwangerschaft. In: Waldhäusl, W.K., Gries, F.A., Scherbaum, W.A. (eds) Diabetes in der Praxis. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18571-7_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18571-7_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-62166-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18571-7

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