Abstract
In Penning traps charged particles are subject to a strong axial magnetic field and a weak electrostatic quadrupole field, which makes the particles moving with three independent frequencies. The quadrupole field can be generated either by using hyperboloidal or a set of cylindrical electrodes. A cyclotron frequency measurement gives access to an accurate value of the ion mass. This can be performed either by the determination of images currents in a ring electrode or by using a time-of-flight method after excitation of the ion motion. In 1970 Hans Dehmelt et al. measured the g-factors of a free electron and positron as well as their masses using a Penning trap. This lead to a shared Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989. These measurements were the overture to a large number of fundamental experiments. The experimental g-factor was compared to the value predicted by QED, which indirectly gives the fine structure constant α at an uncertainty of 4 ppb. The obvious question is to what extent the g-factor is changed when the electron is bound in a hydrogen-like ion. To obtain an answer a dedicated set of traps was constructed by the GSI-Mainz collaboration. Recently, a different way of calculating α was proposed. It is based on laser photon recoil experiments and may result in an even a more accurate value of α that is independent of QED. This a method requires very accurate mass values of the electron, the proton and 133 C s . Precise mass and g-factor measurements offer CPT-tests. Accurate mass values of 3 H and 3 He, i.e. the Q-value of the 3 H decay, may enter in future experiments on the beta spectrum of 3 H searching for a finite rest mass of the electron antineutrino. The mass difference between 76 Ge and 76 Se is indispensable in the analysis of the data searching for the standard model violating neutrinoless double beta decay of 76 Ge. Accurate masses of 28 Si and 197 Au are needed in efforts for a new definition of the kilogram based on atomic quantities.
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Bergström, I., Nagy, S., Schuch, R., Blaum, K., Fritioff, T. (2004). Contributions to Fundamental Physics and Constants Using Penning Traps. In: Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, H.V. (eds) Beyond the Desert 2003. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 92. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18534-2_25
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18534-2_25
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