Zusammenfassung
Unter Psychopharmaka werden verschiedene Gruppen von Arzneimitteln zusammengefaßt, die der Beeinflussung psychischer Erkrankungen dienen (Abbildung 41.1). Dazu zählen vier große Gruppen: Tranquillantien, die überwiegend von den Benzodiazepinen gestellt werden, Antidepressiva und Neuroleptika, wobei hier Präparate mit unterschiedlicher chemischer Struktur eingesetzt werden, sowie pflanzliche Psychopharmaka.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abraham J. (2003): The science and politics of medicines control. Drug Saf. 26:135–143.
Apter J.T., Allen L.A. (1999): Buspirone: future directions. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 19: 86–93.
Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Apotheker (2002): BfArM-Bescheid zu Kava-Kava. Pharm. Ztg. 147: 6–7.
Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (Hrsg.) (1997): Empfehlungen zur Therapie der Depression. 1. Aufl. Sonderheft Arzneiverordnung in der Praxis. September 1997.
Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (Hrsg.) (2000): Empfehlungen zur Therapie von Angst-und Zwangsstörungen. 1. Aufl. Sonderheft Arzneiverordnung in der Praxis.
Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (2001): Hepatotoxizität des neuen Antidepressivums Nefazodon (Nefadar®). Dtsch. Ärztebl. 98: B52.
Arzneimittelkommission der deutschen Ärzteschaft (2002): Olanzapin: hyperosmolares Coma diabeticum, Rhabdomyolyse, Niereninsuffizienz. Dtsch. Ärztebl. 99:A741.
Baptista T., Lacruz A., Angeles F., Silvera R., de Mendoza S., Mendoza M.T. et al. (2001): Endocrine and metabolic abnormalities involved in obesity associated with typical antipsychotic drug administration. Pharmacopsychiatry 34: 223–231.
Barbenel D.M., Yusufi B., O’Shea D., Bench C.J. (2000): Mania in a patient receiving testosterone replacement postorchidectomy taking St John’s wort and sertraline. J. Psychopharmacol. 14: 84–86.
Barbui C, Hotopf M. (2001): Amitriptyline vs. the rest: still the leading antidepressant after 40 years of randomised controlled trials. Brit. J. Psychiatry 178: 129–144.
Barbui C, Hotopf M., Freemantle N., Boynton J., Churchill R., Eccles M.P. et al. (2000): Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus tricyclic and heterocyclic antidepressants: comparison of drug adherence. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2000(4):CD002791.
Bauer M., Dopfner S. (1999): Lithium augmentation in treatment-resistant depression: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled studies. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 19: 427–434.
Baumann P. (1996): Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationship of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 31: 444–469.
Benkert O., Szegedi A., Kohnen R. (2000): Mirtazapine compared with paroxetine in major depression. J. Clin. Psychiatry 61: 656–663.
Berlin I., Lecrubier Y. (1996): Food and drug interactions with monoamine oxidase inhibitors: How safe are the newer agents? CNS Drugs 5: 403–413.
Berner M.M., Riemann D., Berger M. (2002): The efficacy of hypericum extracts with more than 1% or less than 0.5% hyperforin content compared to placebo in the treatment of major depression — a systematic review and analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosa. 252(suppl. l):P230 (Abstract).
Blin O. (1999): A comparative review of new antipsychotics. Can. J. Psychiatry 44: 235–244.
Bon S., Hartmann K., Kuhn M. (1999): Johanniskraut: Ein Enzyminduktor? Schweiz. Ap. Ztg. 16: 535–536.
Bowden C.L., Calabrese J.R., Sachs G., Yatham L.N., Asghar S.A., Hompland M. et al. and the Lamictal 606 Study Group (2003): A placebo-controlled 18-month trial of lamotrigine and lithium maintenance treatment in recently manic or hypomanic patients with bipolar I disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 60: 392–400.
Braun M., Strasser R.H. (1997): Trizyklische Antidepressiva und kongestive Kardiomypathie. Der Internist 38: 1236–1238.
Caley C.E, Weber S.S. (1995): Sulpiride: an antipsychotic with selective dopaminergic antagonist properties. Ann. Pharmacother. 29: 152–160.
Carrièr e P., Bonhomme D., Lemperiere T. (2000): Amisulpride has a superior benefit/risk profile to haloperidol in schizophrenia: results of a multicentre, double-blind study (the Amisulpride Study Group). Eur. Psychiatry 15: 321–329.
Carter CS., Mulsant B.H., Sweet R.A., Maxwell R.A., Coley K. et al. (1995): Risperidone use in a teaching hospital during its first year after market approval: economic and clinical implications. Psychopharmacol. Bull. 31: 719–725.
Carvajal G.P., Garcia D., Sanchez S.A., Velasco M.A., Rueda D., Lucena M.L. (2002): Hepatotoxicity associated with the new antidepressants. Clin. Psychiatry 63: 135–137.
Chick J., Howlett H., Morgan M.Y., Ritson B. (2000): United Kingdom Multicentre Acamprosate Study (UKMAS): a 6-month prospective study of acamprosate versus placebo in preventing relapse after withdrawal from alcohol. Alcohol Alcohol 35: 176–187.
Chouinard G., Jones B., Remington G., Bloom D., Addington D. et al. (1993): A Canadian multicenter placebo-controlled study of fixed doses of risperidone and haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 13: 25–40.
Colonna L., Saleem P., Dondey-Nouvel L., Rein W. (2000): Long-term safety and efficacy of amisulpride in subchronic or chronic schizophrenia. Amisulpride Study Group. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 15: 13–22.
Csernansky J.G., Mahmoud R., Brenner R. (2002): A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. N. Engl. J. Med. 346: 16–22.
Dardennes R.,E ven C, Bange F., Heim A. (1995): Comparison of carbamazepine and lithium in the prophylaxis of bipolar disorders — a metaanalysis. Brit. J. Psychiat. 166:378–381.
De Abajo F.J., Rodriguez L.A.G., Montero D. (1999): Association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: population based case-control study. Brit. Med. J. 319: 1106–1109.
De Smet P.A.G.M., Touw D.J. (2000): Safety of St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum). Lancet 355: 575–576.
Dettling M., Hellweg R., Cascorbi L, Deichle U., Weise L., Müller-Oerlinghausen B. (1999): Genetic determinants of drug-induced agranulocytosis: potential risk of olanzapine? Pharmacopsychiatry 32: 32: 110–112.
Di Carlo G., Borreli F., Ernst E., Izzo A.A. (2001): St John’s wort: Prozac from the plant kingdom. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 22: 292–297.
Dinan T.G. (2002): Lithium in bipolar mood disorder. Evidence suggests that lithium should still be first choice for prophylactic treatment. Brit. Med. J. 324: 988–989.
Donovan S., Clayton A., Beeharry M., Jones S., Kirk C, Waters K. et al. (2000): Deliberate self-harm and antidepressant drugs. Investigation of a possible link. Br. J. Psychiatry 177: 551–556.
Duggan L., Fenton M., Dardennes R.M., El-Dosoky A., Indran S. (2000): Olanzapine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2: CD001359.
Einarson T.R., Arikian S.R., Casciano J., Doyle J.J. (1999): Comparison of extendedrelease venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and tricyclic antidepressants in the treatment of depression: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin. Ther. 21: 296–308.
Elliger T., Englert E., Freisleder F.J., Friedrich M., Gierow B. et al. (1994): Zur Behandlung schizophrener Psychosen des Kindes-und Jugendalters mit Clozapin (Leponex). Konsensuskonferenz vom 4. März 1994, Kinder und Jugendpsychiatrie. Z. Kinder-Jugendpsychiat. 22: 325–327.
Elliger T.J., Trott G.E., Nissen G. (1990): Prevalence of psychotropic medication in childhood and adolescence in the Federal Republic of Germany. Pharmacopsychiatry 23: 38–44.
Ernst E. (2000): Second thoughts about safety of St. John’s wort. Lancet 354: 2014–2016.
Franchini L., Zanardi R., Gasperini M., Perez J., Smeraldi E. (1996): Fluvoxamine and lithium in long-term treatment of unipolar subjects with high recurrence rate. J. Affect. Disord. 38: 67–69.
Frank E., Kupfer DJ., Perel J.M. (1990): Three-years outcomes for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 47: 1093–1099.
Gale C, Oakley-Browne M. (2000): Anxiety disorder. Brit.Med. J. 321: 1204–1207.
Geddes J., Freemantle N., Harrison P. et al. (2000): Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression analysis. Brit. Med. J. 321: 1371–1376.
Gelenberg A.J., Lydiard R. B., Rudolph R.L., Aguiar L., Haskins J.T., Salinas E. (2000): Efficacy of venlafaxine extended-release capsules in nondepressed outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder: A 6-month randomized controlled trial. JAMA 283: 3082–3088.
Goldstein J.M. (2000): The new generation of antipsychotic drugs: how atypical are they? Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 3: 339–349.
Goodnick P.J., Barrios C.A. (2001): Use of olanzapine in non-psychotic psychiatric disorders. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 2: 667–680.
Greil W, Ludwig-Mayerhofer W, Erazo N., Engel R.R., Czernik A. et al. (1996): Comparative efficacy of lithium and amitriptyline in the maintenance treatment of recurrent unipolar depression: a randomised study. J. Affect. Disord. 40: 179–190.
Guelfí J.D., Ansseau M., Timmerman L., Korsgaard S. (2001): Mirtazapine versus venlafaxine in hospitalized severely depressed patients with melancholic features. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 21: 425–431.
Guzelcan Y., Schölte W.F., Assies J., Becker H.E. (2001): Mania during the use of a combination preparation with St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum). Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 6: 1943–1945.
Hypericum Depression Trial Study Group (2002): Effect of Hypericum perforatum (St John’s Wort) in major depressive disorder. JAMA 287: 1807–1814.
Johne A., Brockmöller J., Bauer S., Maurer A., Langheinrich M., Roots I. (1999): Pharmacokinetic interaction of digoxin with an herbal extract from St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum). Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 66: 338–345.
Johne A., Schmider J., Brockmöller J., Stadelmann A.M., Stormer E., Bauer S. et al. (2002): Decreased plasma levels of amitriptyline and its metabolites on comedication with an extract from St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum). J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 22: 46–54.
Kane J., Honigfeld G., Singer J., Meltzer H. (1988): Clozapine for the treatmentresistant schizophrenic. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 45: 789–796.
Kappler J., Menges C, Ferbert A., Ebel H. (1994): Schwere „Spät“dystonie nach „Neuroleptanxiolyse“ mit Fluspirilen. Nervenarzt 65: 66–68.
Kasper S. (1996): Mirtazapin. Klinisches Profil eines noradrenalin-und serotoninspezifischen Antidepressivums. Arzneimitteltherapie 14 (9): 257–259.
Kimko H.C., Cross J.T., Abernethy D.R. (1999): Pharmacokinetics and clinical effectiveness of methylphenidate. Clin. Pharmakokinet. 37: 457–470.
Kornhuber J. (1994): Potentielle Antipsychotica mit neuartigen Wirkmechanismen. In: Riederer P., Laux G., Pöldinger W. (Hrsg.): Neuropsychopharmaka, Bd. 4: Neuroleptica. Springer-Verlag, Wien New York, S. 185–196.
Laakmann G., Schule C, Baghai T., Kieser M. (1998): St. John’s wort in mild to moderate depression: The relevance of hyperforin for clinical efficacy. Pharmacopsychiatry 31(SuppL): 54–59.
Laties A.M. (2002): Quetiapine and cataracts. Am. J. Psychiatry 159: 322–323.
Laux G. (2001): Cost benefit analysis of newer vs. older antidepressants. Pharmacopsychiatry 34: 1–5.
Laux G., Volz H.-P., Möller H.-J. (1995): Newer and older monoamine oxidase inhibitors. CNS Drugs 3: 145–158.
Lantz M.S., Buchalter E., Giambanco V. (1999): St. John’s wort and antidepressant drug interactions in the elderly. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry Neurol. 12: 7–10.
Lehmann K., Müller-Oerlinghausen B. (1993): Kosten-/Nutzen-Kalkulation der Lithium-Langzeit-Prophylaxe. Klin. Pharmakol. Aktuell 4: 68–70.
Lepine J.P., Gastpar M., Mendlewicz J., Tylee A. (1997): Depression in the community: the first pan-European study DEPRES (Depression Research in European Society). Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 12: 19–29.
Lesch O.M., Riegler A., Gutierrez K., Hertling L, Ramskogler K., Semler B. et al. (2001): The European acamprosate trials. Conclusions for research and therapy. J. Biomed. Sci. 8: 89–95.
Leucht S., Wahlbeck K., Hamann J., Kissling W. (2003): New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 361: 1581–1589.
Linde K., Mulrow CD. (2000): St. John’s wort for depression. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2000(2): CD000448.
Linde K., Ramirez G., Mulrow CD., Pauls A., Weidenhammer W., Melchart D. (1996): St John’s wort for depression — an overview and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials. Brit. Med. J. 313: 253–258.
Linden M., Gothe, H. (1993): Benzodiazepine substitution in medical practice. Analysis of pharmacoepidemiological data based on expert interviews. Pharmacopsychiatry 26: 107–113.
MacGillivray S., Arroll B., Hatcher S., Ogston S., Reid L, Sullivan F. et al. (2003): Efficacy and tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with tricyclic antidepressants in depression treated in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. Brit. Med. J. 326:1014–1019.
Macritchie K.A.N., Geddes M.R., Scott J., Haslam D.R.S., Goodwin G.M. (2001): Valproic acid, Valproate and divalproex in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorders. Cochrane Review. In: The Cochrane Library Issue 3. Oxford, Updated Software.
Marder S.R., Meibach R.C (1994): Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatry 151: 825–835.
Möller H.-J. (1999): Atypical neuroleptics: a new approach in the treatment of negative symptoms. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 249 (Suppl. 4): 99–107.
Möller H.-J., Volz H.P., Reimann I.W., Stoll K.D. (2001): Opipramol for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a placebo-controlled trial including an alprazolam-treated group. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 21: 59–65.
Moncrieff J. (2001): Are antidepressants overrated? A review of methodological problems in antidepressant trials. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 189: 288–295.
Montgomery S.A., Roberts A., Patel A.G. (1994): Placebo-controlled efficacy of antidepressants in continuation treatment. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacology 9: 49–53.
Moore L. B., Goodwin B., Jones S.A., Wisely G. B., Serabjit-Singh C.J., Willson T.M. et al. (2000): St. John’s wort induces hepatic drug metabolism through activation of the pregnane X receptor. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 7500–7502.
Moses E.L., Mallinger A.G. (2000): St. John’s wort: three cases of possible mania induction. J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 20: 115–117.
MTA Cooperative Group (1999): A 14-month randomized clinical trial of treatment strategies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 56: 1073–1086.
Müller-Oerlinghausen B. (2001): Abhängigkeit und Mißbrauch von Substanzen. Dtsch. Ärztebl. 98: A1625–A1627.
Müller-Oerlinghausen B., Berghöfer A. (1999): Antidepressants and suicidal risk. J. Clin. Psychiatry 60(suppl. 2): S94–S99.
Müller-Oerlinghausen B., Berghöfer A., Bauer M. (2002): Bipolar disorder. Lancet 359:241–247.
Miiller-Oerlinghausen B., Greil W, Berghöfer A. (Hrsg.) (1997): Die Lithiumtherapie. Nutzen Risiken Alternativen. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
Nierenberg A.A., Burt T., Matthews J., Weiss A.Pl. (1999): Mania associated with St. John’s wort. Biol. Psychiatry 46: 1707–1708.
Olfson M., Marcus S.C., Pincus H.A., Zito J.M., Thompson J.W., Zarin D.A. (1998): Antidepressant prescribing practices of outpatient psychiatrists. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 55: 310–316.
Parker V., Wong A.H., Boon H.S., Seeman M.V. (2001): Adverse reactions to St John’s wort. Can. J. Psychiatry 46: 77–79.
Philipp M., Kohnen R., Hiller K.O. (1999): Hypericum extract versus imipramine or placebo in patients with moderate depression: randomised multicentre study of treatment for eight weeks. Brit. Med. J. 319: 1534–1538.
Piscitelli S.C., Burstein A.H., Chaitt D., Alfaro R.M., Falloon J. (2000): Indinavir concentrations and St John’s wort. Lancet 355: 547–548.
Rickels K, Rynn M (2002): Pharmacotherapy of generalized anxiety disorder. J. Clin. Psychiatry 63(Suppl. 14): 9–16.
Riederer P., Laux G., Pöldinger W. (Hrsg.) (1993): Neuropsychopharmaka Bd. 3 Antidepressiva und Phasenprophylaktika. Springer-Verlag, Wien New York.
Rüther E., Ahrens B., Dieterle D., Erzgikeit A., Gaertner HJ. et al. (1995): Das Asolo Schema zur therapierelevanten multidimensionalen Klassifizierung der Antidepressiva. Psychopharmakothérapie 2: 158–164.
Ruschitzka F., Meier P.J., Turina M., Lüscher T.E, Noll G. (2000): Acute heart transplant rejection due to Saint John’s wort. Lancet 355: 548–549.
Safer DJ. (2000): Are stimulants overprescribed for youths with ADHD? Ann. Clin. Psychiatry 12: 55–62.
Schnyder U., Koller-Leiser A. (1996): A double-blind, multicentre study of paroxetine and maprotiline in major depression. Can. J. Psychiatry 41: 239–44.
Schou M. (1998): Has the time come to abandon prophylactic lithium treatment? A review for clinicians. Pharmacopsychiatry 31: 210–215.
Schrader E. (2000): Equivalence of St John’s wort extract (Ze 117) and fluoxetine: a randomized, controlled study in mild-moderate depression. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 15: 61–68.
Schulz V., Hansel R. (Hrsg.) (1996): Rationale Phytotherapie. Ratgeber für die ärztliche Praxis. Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York.
Shelton R.C., Keller M. B., Gelenberg A., Dünner D.L., Hirschfeld R., Thase M.E. et al. (2001): Effectiveness of St John’s wort in major depression: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 285: 1978–1986.
Smith D., Dempster C, Glanville J., Freemantle N., Anderson I. (2002): Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other antidepressants: a meta-analysis. Br. J Psychiatry 180: 396–404.
Snow V, Lascher S., Mottur-Pilson C, for the American College of Physicians — American Society of Internal Medicine (2000): Clinical guideline I. Pharmacological treatment of acute major depression and dysthymia. Ann. Int. Med. 132: 739–742.
Spigset O., Hagg S., Bate A. (2003): Hepatic injury and pancreatitis during treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors: data from the World Health Organization (WHO) database of adverse drug reactions. Int. Clin. Psychopharmacol. 18: 157–161.
Sramek J.J., Zarotsky V., Cutler N.R. (2002): Generalized anxiety disorder: treatment options. Drugs 62: 1635–1648.
Stewart D.E. (2002): Hepatic adverse reactions associated with nefazodone. Can. J. Psychiatry 47: 375–377.
Stip E. (2000): Novel antipsychotics: issues and controversies. Typicality of atypical neuroleptics. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 25: 137–153.
Sugimoto K., Ohmori M., Tsuruoka S., Nishiki K., Kawaguchi A., Harada K. et al. (2001): Different effects of St John’s wort on the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and pravastatin. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 70: 518–524.
Swift R.M. (1999): Drug therapy for alcohol dependence. N. Engl. J. Med. 340: 1482–1490.
Tandon R., Jibson M.D. (2003): Efficacy of newer generation antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28: 9–26.
Taylor D.M., McAskill R. (2000): Atypical antipsychotics and weight gain — a systematic review. Acta Psychiatr. Scand. 101: 416–432.
Tempesta E., Janiri L., Bignamini A., Chabac S., Potgieter A. (2000): Acamprosate and relapse prevention in the treatment of alcohol dependence: a placebo-controlled study. Alcohol Alcohol 35: 202–209.
Thase M.E. (2003): Effectiveness of antidepressants: comparative remission rates. J. Clin. Psychiatry 64 (Suppl. 2): 3–7.
Thase M.E., Entsuah R., Rudolph R.L. (2001): Remission rates during treatment with venlafaxine or selective reuptake inhibitors. Br. Psychiatry 178: 234–241.
Thase M.E., Nierenberg A.A., Keller M. B., Panagides J. (2001): Efficacy of mirtazapine for prevention of depressive relapse: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial of recently remitted high-risk patients. J. Clin. Psychiatry 62: 782–788.
Trindade E., Menon D., Topfer L.A., Coloma C. (1998): Adverse effects associated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants: a meta-analysis. Canad. Med. Ass. J. 159: 1245–1252.
Van Walraven C, Mamdani M.M., Wells P.S., Williams J.I. (2001): Inhibition of serotonin reuptake by antidepressants and upper gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients: retrospective cohort study. Brit. Med. J. 323: 1–6.
Volz H.P., Gleiter C.H., Möller HJ. (1996): Monoaminoxidasehemmer in der Psychiatric Nervenarzt 67: 339–347.
Volz H., Möller H., Reimann I., Stoll K. (2000): Opipramol for the treatment of somatoform disorders. Results from a placebo-controlled trial. Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. 10: 211–217.
Von Ferber L., Lehmkuhl G., Köster I., Döpfner M., Schubert L, Frölich J., Ihle P. (2003): Methylphenidatgebrauch in Deutschland. Dtsch. Ärztebl. 100: C38–C43.
Walsh B.T., Seidman S.N., Sysko R., Gould M. (2002): Placebo response in studies of major depression. Variable, substantial and growing. JAMA 287: 1840–1847.
Wang Z., Hamman M.A., Huang S.M., Lesko L.J., Hall S.D. (2002): Effect of St John’s wort on the pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 71: 414–420.
Wetterling T. (2001): Bodyweight gain with atypical antipsychotics. A comparative review. Drug Saf. 24: 59–73.
Williams J.W.Jr., Mulrow CD., Chiquette E., Hitchcock Noël P., Aguilar C, Cornell J. (2000): Clinical guideline, part 2. A systematic review of newer pharmacotherapies for depression in adults: Evidence report summary. Ann. Intern. Med. 132:743–756.
Woelk H. (2000): Comparison of St John’s wort and imipramine for treating depression: randomised controlled trial. Brit. Med. J. 321: 536–539.
Woods J.H., Winger G. (1995): Current benzodiazepine issues. Psychopharmacology 118:107–115.
Yue Q.-Y., Bergquist C, Gerdén B. (2000): Safety of St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum). Lancet 355: 576–577.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2004 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lohse, M.J., Lorenzen, A., Müller-Oerlinghausen, B. (2004). Psychopharmaka. In: Schwabe, U., Paffrath, D. (eds) Arzneiverordnungs-Report 2003. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18512-0_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18512-0_41
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-40188-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-18512-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive