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Klassifikation, Epidemiologie und diagnostisches Vorgehen

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Angststörungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Zusammenfassung

Die am häufigsten eingesetzten Klassifikationssysteme für Angst- und andere psychische Störungen sind das „diagnostische und statistische Manual psychischer Störungen“ (DSM; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) und die „internationale Klassifikation psychischer Störungen“ (ICD) (Tabelle 5.1) (WHO, 1993). Ihre operationalisierten diagnostischen Kriterien stellen einen wichtigen Fortschritt bei der Entwicklung des gegenwärtigen Konzepts von Angststörungen bei Kindern dar. Im Gegensatz zu früheren Versionen beider Klassifikationssysteme stimmen die derzeitigen Fassungen in großen Teilen überein und unterscheiden sich nur in einigen Punkten. Hauptunterschiede zwischen dem DSM-IV und der ICD-10 bestehen darin, dass in der ICD-10 die Angststörungen in

  1. 1.

    phobisehe Angststörungen (F40) und

  2. 2.

    andere Angststörungen (F41) unterteilt sind, die die Panikstörung und die generalisierte Angststörung umfassen.

Bis vor ungefähr 3 Jahrzehnten wurde den Angststörunqen im Kindesalter nicht die gebührende Aufmerksamkeit zuteil.Bis zu dieser Zeit wurde Angst in der Kindheit als vorübergehender und normaler Teil des Entwicklungsprozesses angesehen. Obwohl Angst bei einigen Kindern eine vorübergehende Erscheinung sein kann, nimmt sie bei einem bedeutenden Teil der Kinder einen chronischen Verlauf bis ins Erwachsenenalter hinein. Neuere epidemiologische Studien haben gezeigt, dass Angst bei Kindern und Jugendlichen recht verbreitet ist (Essau & Petermann, 2001b), die Lebenszeitprävalenz beträgt bis zu 18%. Hinzu kommt, dass Angststörungen der Hauptgrund für Überweisungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen an Einrichtungen der psychosozialenVersorgung sind (Beidel, 1991). DasVorliegen von Angst wirkt sich auch negativ auf verschiedene Lebensbereiche von Kindern aus, einschließlich schulische Leistungen und soziale Beziehungen (Essau et al., 2000; Strauss et al., 1988).

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5.5 Literatur

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychologisches Institut I, Fliednerstraße 21, D-48149, Münster

    HD Dr. Cecilia Essau & Judith Conradt

  2. Zentrum für Rehabilitationsforschung, Universität Bremen, Grazer Straße 4, D-28359, Bremen

    Berit Reiss

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Essau, C., Conradt, J., Reiss, B. (2004). Klassifikation, Epidemiologie und diagnostisches Vorgehen. In: Angststörungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18499-4_5

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