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Angiotensin Vol. I pp 449–475Cite as

AT2 Function and Target Genes

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Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 163 / 1))

Abstract

Angiotensin II (ANG II), the biologically active component of renin-angiotensin system (RAS), acts through two receptor subtypes, the AT1 and the AT2 receptors. All classic physiological effects of ANG II, such as vasoconstriction, aldosterone and vasopressin release, sodium and water retention, as well as ANG II-mediated growth, are mediated by the AT1 receptor. Recent investigations have established a role for the AT2 receptor in cardiovascular, brain, and renal function as well as in the modulation of various biological processes involved in development, cell differentiation, and tissue repair. Furthermore, binding of ANG II to AT2 receptors inhibits, in certain cells, proliferation, mediates differentiation in neural cell lines, and even induces apoptosis. Interestingly, one study suggests that AT2 receptor-mediated apoptosis may be independent of the ligand ANG II and requires only AT2-receptor expression on a specific target cell. As all these effects of AT2 receptor activation are the opposite of those mediated through AT1 receptors, a ying-yang hypothesis has been proposed in which AT1 and AT2 receptors have principally contrary functions. This review summarizes new insights in the function of the AT2 receptor and its affected target genes.

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  1. Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charité, Humboldt-University Berlin, Dorotheenstr. 94, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    C. Wruck, M. Stoll & T. Unger

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  1. C. Wruck
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  2. M. Stoll
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  3. T. Unger
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  1. Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR) Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie Charité Campus Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Thomas Unger

  2. Drug Innovation & Approval, Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH, Bldg. H 831, Room C 320, 65926, Frankfurt/Main, Germany

    Bernward A. Schölkens

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Wruck, C., Stoll, M., Unger, T. (2004). AT2 Function and Target Genes. In: Unger, T., Schölkens, B.A. (eds) Angiotensin Vol. I. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 163 / 1. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18495-6_20

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18495-6_20

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