Abstract
A hybrid avalanche photodiode (APD) array is a vacuum tube containing a photocathode and an array of avalanche photodiodes. It is a hybrid device that combines a traditional phototube technology and an advanced semiconductor technology. A photon produces a photoelectron with quantum efficiency at the photocathode. Unlike a phototube with dynodes, multiplication of the photoelectron is provided by a bombardment of the accelerated photoelectron into the avalanche photodiode resulting in a number of electron–hole pairs and a subsequent avalanche multiplication of the secondary electrons at the pn junction of the reverse-biased diode. The resulting total gain ranging from 104 to 105 is large enough to retain a single-photon sensitivity by using low-noise amplifiers. Segmentation of the pn junction of the diode provides the position information of an incident photoelectron and enables imaging of an incident photon. We report the recent progress on R&D of a single-pixel large format hybrid APD and a multipixel hybrid APD array. A hybrid avalanche photodiode (APD) array is a vacuum tube containing a photocathode and an array of avalanche photodiodes. It is a hybrid device that combines a traditional phototube technology and an advanced semiconductor technology. A photon produces a photoelectron with quantum efficiency at the photocathode. Unlike a phototube with dynodes, multiplication of the photoelectron is provided by a bombardment of the accelerated photoelectron into the avalanche photodiode resulting in a number of electron–hole pairs and a subsequent avalanche multiplication of the secondary electrons at the pn junction of the reverse-biased diode. The resulting total gain ranging from 104 to 105 is large enough to retain a single-photon sensitivity by using low-noise amplifiers. Segmentation of the pn junction of the diode provides the position information of an incident photoelectron and enables imaging of an incident photon. We report the recent progress on R&D of a single-pixel large format hybrid APD and a multipixel hybrid APD array.
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Notes
- 1.
A hybrid photon detector consisting of a photocathode and a silicon pixel array not operated in avalanche mode has also been developed [3].
- 2.
The carrier mobilities in silicon are 1,350 and 480 cm2 ∕ (V s) for electrons and holes, respectively. Because the electron mobility is about three times larger, the electron signal is predominantly used in silicon devices.
- 3.
Note that electrons drift in the direction parallel to E ×B.
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Aihara, H. (2011). Hybrid Avalanche Photodiode Array Imaging. In: Seitz, P., Theuwissen, A. (eds) Single-Photon Imaging. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 160. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18443-7_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18443-7_3
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