Skip to main content

Commentary on Part III

  • Chapter
Early Algebraization

Part of the book series: Advances in Mathematics Education ((AME))

Abstract

Using parts of a structural approach developed by Bennett (1966, 1970) for understanding complex situations, traditional and visionary approaches to teaching algebra are compared and contrasted, informed by the chapters in this part. In particular, a four-term structure for activity is used to consider how a transition from traditional to visionary might be engineered on a global scale. This reveals some vital topics for further research. It is conjectured that a core stumbling block is the increasingly prevalent desire to be ‘told what to do’ rather than to appreciate structurally what makes different actions applicable in different situations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Ainley, J., & Pratt, D. (2002). Purpose and utility in pedagogic task design. In A. Cockburn & E. Nardi (Eds.), Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (Vol. 2, pp. 17–24). Norwich, UK: PME.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beatty, R. (2010). Pattern rules, patterns and graphs: Analyzing grade 6 students’ learning of linear functions though the processes of webbing, situated abstraction, and convergent change. Unpublished PhD thesis. Toronto: OISE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, J. (1966). The Dramatic Universe: Man and His Nature (Vol. 3). London: Hodder & Stoughton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, J. (1970). Elementary Systematics: A Tool for Understanding Wholes. Sherborne: Coombe Springs Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boaler, J. (2002). Experiencing School Mathematics (revised and expanded edition). Mahwah: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boero, P. (2001). Transformation and anticipation as key processes in algebraic problem solving. In R. Sutherland (Ed.), Algebraic Processes and Structures (pp. 99–119). Kluwer: Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brousseau, G. (1984). The crucial role of the didactical contract in the analysis and construction of situations in teaching and learning mathematics. In H. Steiner (Ed.), Theory of Mathematics Education, Paper 54 (pp. 110–119). Institut fur Didaktik der Mathematik der Universitat Bielefeld.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brousseau, G. (1997). (N. Balacheff, M. Cooper, R. Sutherland, & V. Warfield, Trans.) Theory of Didactical Situations in Mathematics: Didactiques des Mathématiques, 1970–1990. Kluwer: Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, T., & Fennema, E. (1999). Childrens’ Mathematics: Cognitively Guided Instruction. Portsmouth: Heineman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, T., Franke, M., & Levi, L. (2003). Thinking Mathematically. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carraher, D., & Schliemann, A. (2007). Early algebra and algebraic reasoning. In F. Lester (Ed.), Second Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning (pp. 669–705). Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carraher, D., Schliemann, A., Brizuela, B., & Earnest, D. (2006). Arithmetic and algebra in early mathematics education. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 37(2), 87–115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carraher, D., Schliemann, A., & Schwartz, J. (2007). Early algebra is not the same as algebra early. In J. Kaput, D. Carraher, & M. Blanton (Eds.), Algebra in the Early Grades (pp. 235–272). Mahwah: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clements, M., & Ellerton, N. (2009). A model for improving prospective mathematics teachers’ algebra content knowledge. Brunei International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 1(1), 68–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davidov, V. (1972/1990). (J. Teller, Trans.) Types of Generalization in Instruction: Logical and Psychological Prelims in the Structuring of School Curricula. Reston, VA: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, B., Summara, D., & Simmt, E. (2006). Complexity & Education: Inquiries into Learning, Teaching and Research. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dougherty, B., & Slovin, H. (2004). Generalized diagrams as a tool for young children’s problem solving. In M. Høines & A.-B. Fuglestad (Eds.), The 28th International Conference of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education. Bergen: Bergen University College.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dürr, C. (1985). Vorschläge für intensives Arbeiten mit Variablen im Mathematikunterricht der unteren Schuljahre (Suggestions for intensive working with variables in mathematics lessons of the lower years). Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin / Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 34(7), 615–623.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dweck, C. (2000). Self-Theories: Their Role in Motivation, Personality and Development. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gardner, H. (1985). The Mind’s New Science: A History of the Cognitive Revolution. New York: Basic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gattegno, C. (1970). What We Owe Children: The Subordination of Teaching to Learning. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gattegno, C. (1973). In the Beginning There Were No Words: The Universe of Babies. New York: Educational Solutions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gattegno, C. (1975). The Mind Teaches the Brain. New York: Educational Solutions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gattegno, C. (1987). The Science of Education Part I: Theoretical Considerations. New York: Educational Solutions.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerhard, S. (2009). Problem solving without numbers. In Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (pp. 499–508). C.E.R.M.E.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerofsky, S. (1996). A linguistic and narrative view of word problems in mathematics education. For The Learning of Mathematics, 16(2), 36–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillings, R. (1972 reprinted 1982). Mathematics in the Time of the Pharaohs. New York: Dover.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gravemeijer, K. (1994). Developing Realistic Mathematics Education. Culenborg: Technipress.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greeno, J. (1994). Gibson’s affordances. Psychological Review, 101(2), 336–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, N. (1958). Patterns of Discovery: An Enquiry into the Conceptual Foundations of Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewitt, D. (1998). Approaching arithmetic algebraically. Mathematics Teaching, 163, 19–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, W. (1890 reprinted 1950). Principles of Psychology (Vol. 1). New York: Dover.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kieran, C. (2007). Learning and teaching algebra at the middle-school through college levels: Building meaning for symbols and their manipulation (A project of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics). In F. K. Lester (Ed.), Second Handbook of Research on Mathematics Teaching and Learning (pp. 707–762). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marton, F., & Booth, S. (1997). Learning and Awareness. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marton, F., & Pang, M. (2006). On some necessary conditions of Learning. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 15(2), 193–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maslow, A. (1971). The Farther Reaches of Human Nature. New York: Viking Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J. (2001). On the use and abuse of word problems for moving from arithmetic to algebra. In H. Chick, K. Stacey, J. Vincent, & J. Vincent (Eds.), The Future of the Teaching and Learning of Algebra, Proceedings of the 12th ICMI Study Conference (pp. 430–437). Melbourne: University of Melbourne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J. (2008). Making use of children’s powers to produce algebraic thinking. In J. Kaput, D. Carraher, & M. Blanton (Eds.), Algebra in the Early Grades (pp. 57–94). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J., Graham, A., Pimm, D., & Gowar, N. (1985). Routes to, Roots of Algebra. Milton Keynes: The Open University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J., Johnston-Wilder, S., & Graham, A. (2005). Developing Thinking in Algebra. London: Sage (Paul Chapman).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mason, J., Stephens, M., & Watson, A. (2009). Appreciating mathematical structure for all. Mathematics Education Research Journal, 21(2), 10–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maturana, H. (1988). Reality: The search for objectivity or the quest for a compelling argument. Irish Journal of Psychology, 9(1), 25–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maturana, H., & Varela, F. (1972). Autopoesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living. Reidel: Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maturana, H., & Varela, F. (1988). The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambala.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merton, R. (1965). On the Shoulders of Giants: A Shandean Postscript. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Molina, M., & Mason, J. (2009). Justifications-on-demand as a device to promote shifts of attention associated with relational thinking in elementary arithmetic. Canadian Journal for Science Mathematics and Technology Education, 9(4), 224–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moses, R. P., & Cobb, C. (2001). Organizing algebra: The need to voice a demand. Social Policy, 31(4), 4–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, J. (2002). Percents and proportion at the center: Altering the teaching sequence for rational number. In B. Littweiller (Ed.), Making Sense of Fractions, Ratios, and Proportions (pp. 109–120). Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, J., & Beatty, R. (2006). Knowledge building in mathematics: Supporting collaborative learning in pattern problems. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 1, 441–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moss, J. (2005). Pipes, tubes, and beakers: Teaching rational number. In J. Bransford & S. Donovan (Eds.), How Children Learn: History Science and Mathematics in the Classroom. Washington: National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newton, I. (1707). Arithmetica Universalis (Ed. William Whiston). Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Open University (1984). EM235: Developing Mathematical Thinking. Milton Keynes: Open University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papic, M. (2007). Mathematical patterning in early childhood: an intervention study. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Sydney: Macquarie University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J., Inhelder, B., & Szeminska, A. (1960). The Child’s Conception of Geometry (E. A. Lunzer, Trans). New York: Basic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Recorde, R. (1543). The Ground of Arts: Teaching the Perfect Worke and Practise of Arithmeticke, Both in Whole Numbers and Fractions. London: Harper, Thomas. Reprinted by New York: Da Capo Press, 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rumi, J. (1999). C. Barks (Trans.) The Essential Rumi. London: Penguin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sawyer, W. (1959). A Concrete Approach to Abstract Algebra. London: Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schliemann, A., Carraher, D., & Brizuela, B. (2007). Bringing Out the Algebraic Character of Arithmetic: From Children’s Ideas to Classroom Practice. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmittau, J. (2003). Cultural historical theory and mathematics education. In A. Kozulin, B. Gindis, S. Miller, & V. Ageyev (Eds.), Vygotsky’s Educational Theory in Cultural Context. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmittau, J. (2005). The development of algebraic thinking: A Vygotskian perspective. Zentralblatt Fuer Didaktik Der Mathematik (International Review of Mathematics Education), 37(1), 16–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stein, M., Grover, B., & Henningsen, M. (1996). Building student capacity for mathematical thinking and reasoning: An analysis of mathematical tasks used in reform classrooms. American Educational Research Journal, 33(2), 455–488.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tahta, D. (1972). A Boolean Anthology: Selected Writings of Mary Boole on Mathematics Education. Derby: Association of Teachers of Mathematics.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vergnaud, G. (1981). Quelques orientations théoriques et méthodologiques des recherches françaises en didactique des mathématiques. In Actes du Vième Colloque de PME (Vol. 2, pp. 7–17). Grenoble: Edition IMAG.

    Google Scholar 

  • Verschaffel, L., Greer, B., & de Corte, E. (2000). Making Sense of Word Problems. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of the Higher Psychological Processes. London: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, J. (1706). The Young Mathematicians Guide, Being a Plain and Easie Introduction to the Mathematics in Five Parts…. London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson, A., & Mason, J. (2002). Student-generated examples in the learning of mathematics. Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education, 2(2), 237–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, A., & Mason, J. (2005). Mathematics as a Constructive Activity: Learners Generating Examples. Mahwah: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whiteside, D. (Ed.) (1972). The Mathematical Papers of Isaac Newton (Vol. V, pp. 1683–1684). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John Mason .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mason, J. (2011). Commentary on Part III. In: Cai, J., Knuth, E. (eds) Early Algebraization. Advances in Mathematics Education. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17735-4_28

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics