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Anatomy and Histology of the Lower Urinary Tract

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Urinary Tract

Part of the book series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology ((HEP,volume 2011))

Abstract

The function of the lower urinary tract is basically storage of urine in the bladder and the at-will periodic evacuation of the stored urine. Urinary incontinence is one of the most common lower urinary tract disorders in adults, but especially in the elderly female. The urethra, its sphincters, and the pelvic floor are key structures in the achievement of continence, but their basic anatomy is little known and, to some extent, still incompletely understood. Because questions with respect to continence arise from human morbidity, but are often investigated in rodent animal models, we present findings in human and rodent anatomy and histology. Differences between males and females in the role that the pelvic floor plays in the maintenance of continence are described. Furthermore, we briefly describe the embryologic origin of ureters, bladder, and urethra, because the developmental origin of structures such as the vesicoureteral junction, the bladder trigone, and the penile urethra are often invoked to explain (clinical) observations. As the human pelvic floor has acquired features in evolution that are typical for a species with bipedal movement, we also compare the pelvic floor of humans with that of rodents to better understand the rodent (or any other quadruped, for that matter) as an experimental model species. The general conclusion is that the “Bauplan” is well conserved, even though its common features are sometimes difficult to discern.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AMC Liver Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69–71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Wisuit Pradidarcheep & Wouter H. Lamers

  2. Department of Anatomy, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Wisuit Pradidarcheep

  3. Anatomy, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Christian Wallner

  4. Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Noshir F. Dabhoiwala

Authors
  1. Wisuit Pradidarcheep
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  2. Christian Wallner
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  3. Noshir F. Dabhoiwala
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  4. Wouter H. Lamers
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wouter H. Lamers .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, 27157-1088, North Carolina, USA

    Karl-Erik Andersson

  2. Academic Medical Center, Dept. Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapy, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands

    Martin C. Michel

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Pradidarcheep, W., Wallner, C., Dabhoiwala, N.F., Lamers, W.H. (2011). Anatomy and Histology of the Lower Urinary Tract. In: Andersson, KE., Michel, M. (eds) Urinary Tract. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology, vol 2011. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16499-6_7

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