Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Disciplined Heterogeneous Modeling

Invited Paper

  • Conference paper
Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS 2010)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNPSE,volume 6395))

Abstract

Complex systems demand diversity in the modeling mechanisms. One way to deal with a diversity of requirements is to create flexible modeling frameworks that can be adapted to cover the field of interest. The downside of this approach is a weakening of the semantics of the modeling frameworks that compromises interoperability, understandability, and analyzability of the models. An alternative approach is to embrace heterogeneity and to provide mechanisms for a diversity of models to interact. This paper reviews an approach that achieves such interaction between diverse models using an abstract semantics, which is a deliberately incomplete semantics that cannot by itself define a useful modeling framework. It instead focuses on the interactions between diverse models, reducing the nature of those interactions to a minimum that achieves a well-defined composition. An example of such an abstract semantics is the actor semantics, which can handle many heterogeneous models that are built today, and some that are not common today. The actor abstract semantics and many concrete semantics have been implemented in Ptolemy II, an open-source software framework distributed under a BSD-style license.

This work was supported in part by the Center for Hybrid and Embedded Software Systems (CHESS) at UC Berkeley, which receives support from the National Science Foundation (NSF awards #0720882 (CSR-EHS: PRET) and #0931843 (ActionWebs), the U. S. Army Research Office (ARO #W911NF-07-2-0019), the U. S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research (MURI #FA9550-06-0312 and AF-TRUST #FA9550-06-1-0244), the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL), the Multiscale Systems Center (MuSyC) and the following companies: Bosch, National Instruments, Thales, and Toyota.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Encyclopedia Britannica: Ockham’s razor. Encyclopedia Britannica (retrieved June 24, 2010)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Smith, N.K.: Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason. Macmillan and Co., Basingstoke (1929)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Shapiro, F.R.: The Yale Book of Quotations. Yale University Press, New Haven (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Buck, J.T., Ha, S., Lee, E.A., Messerschmitt, D.G.: Ptolemy: A framework for simulating and prototyping heterogeneous systems. Int. Journal of Computer Simulation, special issue on “Simulation Software Development” 4, 155–182 (1994)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Eker, J., Janneck, J.W., Lee, E.A., Liu, J., Liu, X., Ludvig, J., Neuendorffer, S., Sachs, S., Xiong, Y.: Taming heterogeneity—the Ptolemy approach. Proceedings of the IEEE 91(2), 127–144 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Lee, E.A., Neuendorffer, S., Wirthlin, M.J.: Actor-oriented design of embedded hardware and software systems. Journal of Circuits, Systems, and Computers 12(3), 231–260 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Brooks, C., Cheng, C., Feng, T.H., Lee, E.A., von Hanxleden, R.: Model engineering using multimodeling. In: International Workshop on Model Co-Evolution and Consistency Management (MCCM), Toulouse, France (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Harel, D.: Statecharts: A visual formalism for complex systems. Science of Computer Programming 8, 231–274 (1987)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Brooks, C., Lee, E.A., Neuendorffer, S., Zhao, Y., Zheng, H.: Heterogeneous concurrent modeling and design in Java. Technical Report Technical Memorandum UCB/EECS-2008-28, University of California (April 1, 2008)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lee, E.A., Neuendorffer, S.: MoML - a modeling markup language in XML. Technical Report UCB/ERL M00/12, UC Berkeley (March 14, 2000)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lee, E.A., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.: A framework for comparing models of computation. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Circuits and Systems 17(12), 1217–1229 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lee, E.A., Zheng, H.: Operational semantics of hybrid systems. In: Morari, M., Thiele, L. (eds.) HSCC 2005. LNCS, vol. 3414, pp. 25–53. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Goderis, A., Brooks, C., Altintas, I., Lee, E.A., Goble, C.: Heterogeneous composition of models of computation. Future Generation Computer Systems 25(5), 552–560 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Liu, X., Matsikoudis, E., Lee, E.A.: Modeling timed concurrent systems. In: Baier, C., Hermanns, H. (eds.) CONCUR 2006. LNCS, vol. 4137, pp. 1–15. Springer, Heidelberg (2006)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  15. Lee, E.A., Zheng, H.: Leveraging synchronous language principles for heterogeneous modeling and design of embedded systems. In: EMSOFT, Salzburg, Austria. ACM, New York (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lee, E.A.: Finite state machines and modal models in Ptolemy II. Technical Report UCB/EECS-2009-151, EECS Department, University of California, Berkeley (November 1, 2009)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lee, E.A., Parks, T.M.: Dataflow process networks. Proceedings of the IEEE 83(5), 773–801 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kahn, G., MacQueen, D.B.: Coroutines and networks of parallel processes. In: Gilchrist, B. (ed.) Information Processing, pp. 993–998. North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lee, E.A., Matsikoudis, E.: The semantics of dataflow with firing. In: Huet, G., Plotkin, G., Lévy, J.J., Bertot, Y. (eds.) From Semantics to Computer Science: Essays in memory of Gilles Kahn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lee, E.A., Messerschmitt, D.G.: Synchronous data flow. Proceedings of the IEEE 75(9), 1235–1245 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Lee, E.A.: Modeling concurrent real-time processes using discrete events. Annals of Software Engineering 7, 25–45 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Liu, J.: Continuous time and mixed-signal simulation in Ptolemy II. Memo M98/74, UCB/ERL, EECS UC Berkeley, CA 94720 (July 1998)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hoare, C.A.R.: A theory of CSP. Communicating Sequential Processes 21(8) (August 1978)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Bock, C.: SysML and UML 2 support for activity modeling. Systems Engineering 9(2), 160–185 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Booch, G., Jacobson, I., Rumbaugh, J.: The Unified Modeling Language User Guide. Addison-Wesley, Reading (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Object Management Group (OMG): System modeling language specification v1.1. Technical report, OMG (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Object Management Group (OMG), A UML profile for MARTE, beta 1. OMG Adopted Specification ptc/07-08-04, OMG (August 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Hewitt, C.: Viewing control structures as patterns of passing messages. Journal of Artificial Intelligence 8(3), 323–363 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Agha, G.A., Mason, I.A., Smith, S.F., Talcott, C.L.: A foundation for actor computation. Journal of Functional Programming 7(1), 1–72 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Mosterman, P.J., Vangheluwe, H.: Computer automated multi-paradigm modeling: An introduction. Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications 80(9), 433–450 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Patel, H.D., Shukla, S.K.: SystemC Kernel Extensions for Heterogeneous System Modelling. Kluwer, Dordrecht (2004)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Herrera, F., Villar, E.: A framework for embedded system specification under different models of computation in SystemC. In: Design Automation Conference (DAC), San Francisco. ACM, New York (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hardebolle, C., Boulanger, F.: ModHel’X: A component-oriented approach to multi-formalism modeling, MODELS 2007 Workshop on Multi-Paradigm Modeling, Nashville, Tennessee (October 2, 2007)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Jantsch, A.: Modeling Embedded Systems and SoCs - Concurrency and Time in Models of Computation. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Sander, I., Jantsch, A.: System modeling and transformational design refinement in ForSyDe. IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Circuits and Systems 23(1), 17–32 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Goessler, G., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.: Compositional modeling in Metropolis. In: Second International Workshop on Embedded Software (EMSOFT), Grenoble, France. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Basu, A., Bozga, M., Sifakis, J.: Modeling heterogeneous real-time components in BIP. In: International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM), Pune, pp. 3–12 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Burch, J.R., Passerone, R., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.L.: Overcoming heterophobia: Modeling concurrency in heterogeneous systems. In: International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design, p. 13 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Feredj, M., Boulanger, F., Mbobi, A.M.: A model of domain-polymorph component for heterogeneous system design. The Journal of Systems and Software 82, 112–120 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Maraninchi, F., Bhouhadiba, T.: 42: Programmable models of computation for a component-based approach to heterogeneous embedded systems. In: 6th ACM International Conference on Generative Programming and Component Engineering (GPCE), Salzburg, Austria, pp. 1–3 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Harel, D., Lachover, H., Naamad, A., Pnueli, A., Politi, M., Sherman, R., Shtull-Trauring, A., Trakhtenbrot, M.: STATEMATE: A working environment for the development of complex reactive systems. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering 16(4) (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Berry, G.: The effectiveness of synchronous languages for the development of safety-critical systems. White paper, Esterel Technologies (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Benveniste, A., Berry, G.: The synchronous approach to reactive and real-time systems. Proceedings of the IEEE 79(9), 1270–1282 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Henzinger, T.A., Horowitz, B., Kirsch, C.M.: Giotto: A time-triggered language for embedded programming. In: Henzinger, T.A., Kirsch, C.M. (eds.) EMSOFT 2001. LNCS, vol. 2211, p. 166. Springer, Heidelberg (2001)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  45. Pree, W., Templ, J.: Modeling with the timing definition language (TDL). In: Broy, M., Krüger, I.H., Meisinger, M. (eds.) ASWSD 2006. LNCS, vol. 4922, pp. 133–144. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  46. Carloni, L.P., Passerone, R., Pinto, A., Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A.: Languages and tools for hybrid systems design. Foundations and Trends in Electronic Design Automation 1(1/2) (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Kienhuis, B., Deprettere, E., van der Wolf, P., Vissers, K.: A methodology to design programmable embedded systems. In: Deprettere, F., Teich, J., Vassiliadis, S. (eds.) SAMOS 2001. LNCS, vol. 2268, p. 18. Springer, Heidelberg (2002)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  48. Fritzson, P.: Principles of Object-Oriented Modeling and Simulation with Modelica 2.1. Wiley, Chichester (2003)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. EECS, UC Berkeley, Spain

    Edward A. Lee

Authors
  1. Edward A. Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Systems and Computer Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, K1S 5BG, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

    Dorina C. Petriu

  2. Flight Software Systems Engineering and Srchitecture Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, 91109, Pasadena, CA, USA

    Nicolas Rouquette

  3. SINTEF IKT, Forskningsveien 1, 0373, Oslo, Norway

    Øystein Haugen

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Lee, E.A. (2010). Disciplined Heterogeneous Modeling. In: Petriu, D.C., Rouquette, N., Haugen, Ø. (eds) Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. MODELS 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6395. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16129-2_20

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16129-2_20

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-16128-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-16129-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation