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Carthamus

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Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources

Abstract

The genus Carthamus L. is a member of the tribe Cynareae, subfamily Tubulifloreae, and family Asteraceae. It includes ~25 species and subspecies distributed from northwestern India westward to and around Mediterranean Sea. Most of the wild species of the genus including the cultivated C. tinctorius are diploid with 2n = 2x = 20, 2n = 2x = 22, and 2n = 2x = 24. The three self-compatible species, C. lanatus, C. turkestanicus, and C. baeticus, are polyploid (2n = 4x = 44 and 2n = 6x = 64) in constitution. The economic importance of the genus, history of its diversification, basic chromosome numbers, genome size variation in the species, origin and evolution of the cultivated species and its genetic diversity, origin of polyploid species, taxonomic sections in the genus, breeding objectives, and achievements are described in this review and updated with new elements obtained through molecular data. The recent efforts taken toward accelerating molecular breeding and (or) marker-assisted genetic improvement in safflower via construction of genetic linkage maps are also highlighted.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported, in part, by grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), and the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), Government of India. Vishnu Bhat is thanked for suggestions and support. S.N. Raina is grateful to National Academy of Sciences for award of a Senior Scientist Fellowship.

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    Soom Nath Raina

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  1. Institute of Nutraceutical Research, Clemson University, Jordan Hall 109, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Sehgal, D., Raina, S.N. (2011). Carthamus. In: Kole, C. (eds) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14871-2_4

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