Abstract
Wireless sensor networks allow unprecedented abilities to observe and understand large-scale, real-world phenomena at a fine spatial-temporal resolution. Their application in Developing Countries is even more interesting: they can help solve problems that affect communities. One of the limitations of current wireless sensors is the communication range, with most devices having 100 meters as maximum range. In contrast, many applications require long-range wireless sensor network where nodes are separated by large distances, giving the advantage of being able to monitor a large geographic area. In this paper we will present the results of an integrated approach combining a planning step using simulations and an experimental step carried out using off-the-shelf equipment over distances ranging from 600m to 12km. The results reveal that the simulation results agree with experimentation and show that long distance wireless sensor networks (LDWSN) are possible and that the quality of these links is high. Finally, we discuss the relative efficiency of our solution in terms of range compared to other wireless sensor networks.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Technology and Infrastructure for Emerging Regions, TIER (2007), http://tier.cs.berkeley.edu/wiki/
Braue, D.: Future Tech: Mote Control. In: Australian Personal Computer, pp. 94–96 (2005)
Giorgetti, G., et al.: Exploiting Low-Cost Directional Antennas in 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks. In: 2007 European Conference on Wireless Technologies (2007)
Dunlop, J., Cortes, J.: Impact of Directional Antennas in Wireless Sensor Networks. In: IEEE International Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems Conference, pp. 1–6 (2007)
Willis, S.L., Kikkert, C.J.: Radio Propagation Model for Long-Range Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Network. In: International Conference on Wireless Networks, Communications and Mobile Computing, Maui, Hawaii (2005)
http://www.libelium.com (last accessed 2010)
http://radiomobile.pe1mew.nl (last accessed 2010)
Flickenger, R., et al.: Very Long Distance Wi-Fi Networks. In: Proceedings of NSDR 2008 The Second ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Networked Systems for Developing Regions, USA (2008)
Flickenger, R., et al.: Wireless Networking in the Developing World. Limehouse Book Sprint Team, 1st edn. (2006)
Zennaro, M., et al.: On a long wireless link for rural telemedicine in Malawi. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Open Access, Lilongwe, Malawi (2008)
Sen, S., Raman, B.: Long Distance Wireless Mesh Network Planning: Problem Formulation and Solution. In: The 16th Annual Interntional World Wide Web Conference (WWW 2007), Banff, Canada (2007)
Bhagwat, P., Raman, B., Sanghi, D.: Turning 802.11 Inside-Out. In: Second Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks (HotNets-II), Cambridge, MA, USA (2003)
Das, A., Zhu, T.: A Reservation-Based TDMA MAC Protocol Using Directional Antennas (RTDMA-DA) For Wireless Mesh Networks. In: IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 2007, Washington, DC, USA (2007)
Kumar, P.: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation of new MAC Protocols for Long Distance 802.11 Networks. Masters thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur (2006)
Patra, R., et al.: WiLDNet: Design and Implementation of High Performance WiFi Based Long Distance Networks. In: USENIX NSDI, Cambridge, MA, USA (2007)
Raman, B., Chebrolu, K.: Design and Evaluation of a new MAC Protocol for Long-Distance 802.11 Mesh Networks. In: 11th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MO-BICOM), Cologne, Germany (2005)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Zennaro, M., Bagula, A., Gascon, D., Noveleta, A.B. (2010). Planning and Deploying Long Distance Wireless Sensor Networks: The Integration of Simulation and Experimentation. In: Nikolaidis, I., Wu, K. (eds) Ad-Hoc, Mobile and Wireless Networks. ADHOC-NOW 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6288. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14785-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14785-2_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-14784-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-14785-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)