Abstract
In 1978, at the age of 82, Brigadier Ralph Alger Bagnold was awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Science by Aarhus University in Denmark. For the occasion, he gave a lecture, later published in Nordic Hydrology (Bagnold 1979), titled “Sediment Transport by Wind and Water.” In his introduction, Bagnold remarked, in his typically blunt style, that “it is doubtful whether modern textbooks of river and canal engineering convey any clearer understanding of the natural processes involved than was probably possessed by the great engineer Pharaohs of the 12th Dynasty 4,000 years ago, one at least of whose vast canals appears to have remained self-clearing for 1,500 years.”
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abulnaga BE, El-Sammany MS (2004) De-Silting Lake Nasser with slurry pipelines. In: Critical Transitions in Water and Environmental Resources Management. Proceedings of World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Proceedings of ASCE Conference, vol 138, pp 158–171. doi:10.1061/40737(2004)158
Anderson RS, Hallet B (1986) Sediment transport by wind: toward a general model. Geol Soc Am Bull 97(5):523–535
Andreotti B, Fourrière A, Ould-Kaddourm F, Murray B, Claudin P (2009) Giant aeolian dune size determined by the average depth of the atmospheric boundary layer. Nature 457:1120–1123
Baas ACW (2007) Complex systems in Aeolian geomorphology. Geomorphology 91:311–331
Bagnold RA (1931) Journeys in the Libyan Desert, 1929 and 1930.Geogr J 78(1):13–39; (6):524–533
Bagnold RA (1933) A further journey through the Libyan Desert. Geogr J 82(2):103–129; (3):211–213, 226–235
Bagnold RA (1935a) Libyan sands: travel in a dead world. Hodder and Stoughton, London, reprinted Eland Publishing Ltd, London (2010)
Bagnold RA (1935b) The movement of desert sand. Geogr J 85(4):342–365
Bagnold RA (1936) The movement of desert sand. Proc R Soc Lond A 157(892):594–620
Bagnold RA (1937) The size-grading of sand by wind. Proc R Soc Lond A 163(913):250–264
Bagnold RA (1938) The measurement of sand storms. Proc R Soc Lond A 167(929):282–290
Bagnold RA (1939) Committee on wave pressures: interim report on wave-pressure research. J Inst Civil Eng 12:201–226
Bagnold RA (1940) Beach formation by waves: some model experiments in a wave tank. J Inst Civil Eng 5237:27–53
Bagnold RA (1941) The physics of blown sand and desert dunes. Methuen, London (reprinted 1954, 1960; 2005 Dover, Mineola, NY)
Bagnold RA (1945) Early days of the Long Range Desert Group. Geogr J 105:30–46
Bagnold RA (1947) Sand movement by waves. J Inst Civil Eng 27:447–469
Bagnold RA (1955) Some flume experiments on large grains but a little denser than the transporting fluid, and their implications. Proc Inst Civil Eng 4(2):174–205
Bagnold RA (1956) The flow of cohesionless grains in fluids. Philos Trans R Soc Lond A 249(964):235–297
Bagnold RA (1962) Auto-Suspension of Transported Sediment; Turbidity Currents. Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Sci 265(1322):315–319
Bagnold RA (1966) An approach to the sediment transport problem from general physics. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 422-I
Bagnold RA (1979) Sediment transport by wind and water. Nordic Hydrol 10:309–322
Bagnold RA (1980) An empirical correlation of bed load transport rates in flumes and natural rivers. Proc R Soc Lond A 372:453–473
Bagnold RA (1983) The nature and correlation of random distributions. Proc R Soc Lond A 388(1795):273–291
Bagnold RA (1986) Transport of solids by natural water flow: evidence for a worldwide correlation. Proc R Soc Lond A Math Phys Sci 405(1829):369–374
Bagnold RA (1990) Sand, wind, and war: memoirs of a desert explorer. University of Arizona Press, Tucson
Bagnold RA, Barndorff-Nielsen OE (1980) The pattern of natural size distributions. Sedimentology 27(2):199–207
Ball P (2009) In retrospect: the physics of sand dunes. Nature 457:1084–1085
Barndorff-Nielsen OE, Blaesild P, Jensen JL, Sørensen M (1983) The fascination of sand. Research Report 93, Department of Theoretical Statistics, University of Aarhus
Beadnell HJL (1910) The sand-dunes of the Libyan Desert: their origin, form, and rate of movement, considered in relation to the geological and meteorological conditions of the region. Geogr J 35(4):379–395
Bullard JE (2005) Arid geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr 29(1):93–103
Bullard JE (2006) Arid geomorphology. Prog Phys Geogr 30(4):542–552
Bullard JE, Nash DJ, North CP (2007) Drylands: linking landscape processes to sedimentary environments. Geomorphology 85:1–128
Cathcart RB (2006) Sethusamudram ship channel macroproject: anti-tsunami and storm surge textile arrestors protecting Palk Bay (India and Sri Lanka). Curr Sci 1474(91):11
Chandramohan P, Jena BK, Sanil Kumar V (2001) Littoral drift sources and sinks along the Indian coast. Curr Sci 81(3):292–297
Chudeau R (1909) Notes géologiques sur la Mauritanie (Geological notes on Mauritania). La Géographie 20(1):9–24 (in French)
Chudeau R (1920) Étude sur les dunes sahariennes (Study on the Saharan dunes). Ann Geogr 29(161):334–351 (in French)
Cornelis WM, Gabriels D (2003) The effect of surface moisture on the entrainment of dune sand by wind: an evaluation of selected models. Sedimentology 50:771–790
Cornish V (1897) On the formation of sand-dunes. Geogr J 9(3):278–309
Cornish V (1900) On desert sand-dunes bordering the Nile Delta. Geogr J 15(1):1–32
Cornish V (1914) Waves of sand and snow and the eddies which make them. T Fisher Unwin, London
Doyle MW, Julian JP (2005) The most-cited works in geomorphology. Geomorphology 72:238–249
Ewing R, Kocurek G (2010) Aeolian dune-field pattern boundary conditions. Geomorphology 114:175–187
Field JP, Breshears DD, Whicker JJ (2009) Toward a more holistic perspective of soil erosion: why aeolian research needs to explicitly consider fluvial processes and interactions. Aeolian Res 1(1–2):9–17
Gilbert GK (1914) The transport of debris by running water. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 86
Goudie AS (1999) The history of desert dune studies over the last 100 years. In: Goudie AS, Livingstone I, Stokes S (eds) Aeolian environments, sediments and landforms. Wiley, Chichester, pp 1–13
Greeley R, Iversen JD (1985) Wind as a geological process on Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Groh C, Rehberg I, Kruelle CA (2009) Particle dynamics of a cartoon dune. Cornell University Library e-print arXiv:0911.0757v1
Issawy B (ed) (1981) Annals of The Geological Survey of Egypt vol XI
Jaeger HM, Nagel SR (1997) Dynamics of granular material. Am Sci 85:540–545
Kennedy Shaw WB (1945) Long range desert group. Collins, London
King WJH (1916) The nature and formation of sand ripples and dunes. Geogr J 47(3):189–209
King WJH (1918) Study of a dune belt. Geogr J 51(1):16–33
Kocurek G (2008) Boundary-condition controls on pattern development in aeolian and fluvial dune fields. In: Parsons D, Garland T, Best J (eds) Marine and river dune dynamics. Third MARID Workshop, pp 193–196
Krumbein WC (1934) Size frequency distribution of sediments. J Sediment Petrol 4:65–77
Lee JA, Zobeck TM (2009) Aeolian research. Aeolian Res 1:1–2
Leeder MR (1999) Sedimentology and sedimentary basins. Blackwell, Oxford
Leopold LB (1979) Citation for the Sorby Medallist, Brigadier Ralph A. Bagnold. Sedimentology 26:157–160
Leopold LB, Bagnold RA, Wolman MG, Brush LM (1960) Flow resistance in sinuous or irregular channels. U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Professional Paper 282-D, pp 111–134
Leopold LB, Wolman MG, Miller JP (1964) Fluvial processes in geomorphology. WH Freeman and Co, San Francisco
Livingstone I, Wiggs GFS, Weaver CM (2007) Geomorphology of desert sand dunes: a review of recent progress. Earth Sci Rev 80(3–4):239–257
McGee WJ (1908) Outlines of hydrology. Geol Soc Am Bull 19:199
McKenna Neuman C (2003) Effects of temperature and humidity upon the entrainment of sedimentary particles by wind. Bound Layer Meteorol 108:61–89
Nash DJ, Bullard JE, North CP (2007) Drylands: linking landscape processes to sedimentary environments. Sediment Geology 195:1–100
Parsons R, Walker IJ, Wiggs GFS (2004) Numerical modelling of flow structures over idealized transverse aeolian dunes of varying geometry. Geomorphology 59:149–164
Pye K, Tsoar H (1990) Aeolian sand and sand dunes. Unwin Hyman, London
Royer JR, Evans DJ, Oyarte L, Guo Q, Kapit E, Möbius ME, Waitukaitis SR, Jaeger HM (2009) High-speed tracking of rupture and clustering in freely falling granular streams. Nature 459:1110–1113
Rubin DM (2006) Ripple effect: unforeseen applications of sand studies. Eos 87(30):293–297
Sagan C, Bagnold RA (1975) Fluid transport on Earth and aeolian transport on Mars. Icarus 26(2):209–218
Shaw R (2008) Environmental aspects of the Indian Ocean tsunami recovery. J Environ Manage 89(1):24–34
Stout JE (2004) A method for establishing the critical threshold for aeolian transport in the field. Earth Surf Proc Land 29:1195–1207
Stout JE, Warren A, Gill TE (2009) Publication trends in aeolian research: an analysis of the Bibliography of Aeolian Research. Geomorphology 105(1–2):6–17
Thomas DSG, Wiggs GFS (2008) Aeolian system response to global change: challenges of scale, process and temporal integration. Earth Surf Proc Land 33(9):1396–1418
Thorne CR, MacArthur RC, Bradley JB (eds) (1988) The physics of sediment transport by wind and water: a collection of the hallmark papers by R.A. Bagnold. Book number 665, Hydraulics Division, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York
Tooth S (2008) Arid geomorphology: recent progress from an Earth system science perspective. Prog Phys Geogr 32(1):81–101
Tooth S (2009) Arid geomorphology: emerging research themes and new frontiers. Prog Phys Geogr 33(2):251–287
Tsoar H (1994) Classics of physical geography revisited: Bagnold, R.A. 1941: the physics of blown sand and desert dunes. Prog Phys Geogr 18(1):91–96
Warren A (1986) Review: Greeley R and Iversen JD: Wind as a geological process on Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan. Prog Phys Geogr 10:312–313
Wentworth CK (1922) A scale of grade and class terms for clastic sediments. J Geol 30:377–392
Werner BT (1995) Eolian dunes: computer simulations and attractor interpretation. Geology 23(12):1107–1110
Wiggs GFS (2001) Desert dune processes and dynamics. Prog Phys Geogr 25(1):53–79
Yizhaq H (2008) Aeolian megaripples: mathematical model and numerical simulations. J Coastal Res 24(6):1369–1378
Acknowledgments
The writer is indebted to Stephen Bagnold for his help and permission to use quotations from his father’s works and the photograph.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Welland, M. (2010). Sediment Transport by Wind and Water: The Pioneering Work of Ralph Bagnold. In: Badescu, V., Cathcart, R. (eds) Macro-engineering Seawater in Unique Environments. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14779-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14779-1_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-14778-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-14779-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)