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The Human Brain pp 65–83Cite as

Human Motor Cortex Excitatory–Inhibitory Neuronal Systems: Development and Cytoarchitecture

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Abstract

An essential feature of the mammalian cerebral cortex is the sequential establishment of excitatory–inhibitory neuronal assemblages between pyramidal and local-circuit inhibitory neurons. The recognition, location, and distribution of these excitatory–inhibitory neuronal assemblages are fundamental objectives in the study of the nervous system. They are recognized in all strata of the motor cortex. Most local-circuit interneurons recognized in the motor cortex are inhibitory in nature. Because, pyramidal cells represent roughly the 70% and the local-circuit interneurons the 30% of the motor cortex gray matter neurons, each inhibitory neuron establishes synaptic contacts with numerous pyramidal neurons. The excitatory pyramidal neurons are morphologically stable and functionally anchored to the first lamina. On the other hand, the inhibitory neurons are free, without first lamina attachment, capable of modifying their dendritic and axonic profiles as well as their spatial distribution in response to learned (acquired) new motor activities.

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  1. Timberlea Circle 2447, 55125, Woodbury, MN, USA

    Miguel Marín-Padilla

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  1. Miguel Marín-Padilla
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Correspondence to Miguel Marín-Padilla .

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© 2011 Springer Berlin Heidelberg

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Marín-Padilla, M. (2011). Human Motor Cortex Excitatory–Inhibitory Neuronal Systems: Development and Cytoarchitecture. In: The Human Brain. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14724-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14724-1_6

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-14723-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-14724-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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