Skip to main content

Revision of the Publications Describing the Anatomical Connections and Effects of Lesions and Electrical Stimulation of Brain Structures on the Sleep–Wakefulness Cycle

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Functional Anatomy of the Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle: Wakefulness

Abstract

From the first bioelectric description by Berger (1929), which characterized W as an EEG of fast, low voltage waves (later called activated or desynchronized EEG) and sleep as an EEG of slow, high voltage waves (later called synchronized EEG), experimental researchers have looked for the brain structures responsible for the synchronization or activation of the EEG and conceived of them as sleeping or waking structures, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Arbuthnott GW, MacLeod NK, Maxwell DJ, Wright AK (1990) Distribution and synaptic contacts of the cortical terminals arising from neurons in the rat ventromedial thalamic nucleus. Neuroscience 38:47–60

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arpa J, De Andres I (1993) Re-examination of the effects of raphe lesions on the sleep/wakefulness cycle states in cats. J Sleep Res 2:96–102

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Aserinsky E, Kleitman N (1953) Regularly occurring periods of eye motility, and concomitant phenomena during sleep. Science 118:273–274

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Avendaño C, Llamas A (1983) Thalamic and nonthalamic direct subcortical projections to association areas of the cat’s cerebral association cortex. In: Reinoso-Suárez F, Ajmone Marsan C (eds) Cortical integration: basic, archicortical and cortical associa- tion levels of neural integration, vol 11, IBRO monograph series. Raven Press, New York, pp 195–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Avendaño C, Stepniewska I, Rausell E, Reinoso-Suárez F (1990) Segregation and heterogeneity of thalamic cell populations projecting to superficial layers of the posterior parietal cortex: a retrograde tracing study in the cat and monkey. Neuroscience 39:547–559

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baghdoyan HA, Rodrigo-Angulo ML, McCarley RW, Hobson JA (1984) Site-specific enhancement and suppression of desynchronized sleep signs following cholinergic stimulation of three brainstem regions. Brain Res 306:39–52

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batini C, Moruzzi G, Palestini M, Rossi GF, Zanchetti A (1958) Presistent patterns of wakefulness in the pretrigeminal midpontine preparation. Science 128:30–32

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Batini C, Moruzzi G, Palestini M, Rossi GF, Zanchetti A (1959) Effects of complete pontine transections on the sleep-wakefulness rithms: the midpontine pretrigeminal preparation. Arch Ital Biol 97:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger H (1929) Über das electroenkephalogram des Menschen. Arch Psychiat Nervenkr 87:527–570

    Google Scholar 

  • Berlucchi G (1966) Electroencephalographic activity of the isolated hemicerebrum of the cat. Exp Neurol 15:220–228

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berlucchi G, Maffei L, Moruzzi G, Strata P (1964) EEG and behavioral effects elicited by cooling of medulla and pons. Arch Ital Biol 102:372–392

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonvallet M, Dell P (1965) Controle bulbaire du systéme activateur. In: Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) Colloque international 127e, 1963 Lyon. Aspects anatomo-fonctionnels de la physiologie du someil. CNRS, Paris, pp 133–149

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer F (193a) Cerveau “isolé” et physiologie du sommeil. CR Soc Biol (Paris) 118:1235–1241

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer F (193b) L’activité cérébrale au cours du sommeil et de la narcose. Contribution à l’étude du mécanisme du sommeil. Bull Acad roy Méd Belg 4:68–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer F (193c) L’activité de l’écorce cérébrale et le problème physiologique du sommeil. Bull Soc Ital Biol Sper 13:271–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Bremer F (1970) Preoptic hypnogenic focus and mesencephalic reticular formation. Brain Res 21:132–144

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bremer F (1951) Les réactions auditive de l’écorce cérébrale. L’année Psychol, 115–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchwald NA, Wyers EJ, Okuma T, Heuser G (1961) The "caudate-spindle". I. Electrophysiological properties. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 13:509–518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caballero A, De Andrés I (1986) Unilateral lesions in locus coeruleus area enhance paradoxical sleep. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 64:339–346

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camacho-Evangelista A (1962) Modificaciones del electrocorticograma tras coagulaciones uni y bilaterales en el pedúnculo cerebeloso superior (un estudio experimental en el gato libre). An Anat 11:27–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Camacho-Evangelista A, Reinoso-Suárez F (1964) Activating and synchronizing centers in cat brain: electroencephalograms after lesions. Science 146:268–270

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Camacho-Evangelista A, Reinoso-Suárez F (1965) Effects on the EEG of lesions in the tractus brachium conjunctivum. 6th International congress of electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, pp 467–470

    Google Scholar 

  • Clascá F, Llamas A, Reinoso-Suárez F (1989) Hypothalamic connections of the insular cortex in the cat. Brain Res 490:361–366

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cordeau JP, Mancia M (1959) Evidence for the existence of an electroencephalographic synchronization mechanism originating in the lower brain stem. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 11(3):551–564

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cordeau JP, Moreau A, Beaulnes A, Laurin C (1963) EEG and behavioral changes following microinjections of acetylcholine and adrenaline in the brain stem of cats. Arch Ital Biol 101:30–47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cunchillos JD, De Andrés I (1982) Participation of the cerebellum in the regulation of the sleep-wakefulness cycle. Results in cerebellectomized cats. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 53:549–558

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Andrés I, Reinoso-Suárez F (1979) Participation of the cerebellum in the regulation of the sleep-wakefulness cycle through the superior cerebellar peduncle. Arch Ital Biol 117:140–163

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Andrés I, Gutiérrez-Rivas E, Reinoso-Suárez F (197a) Modifications of the sleep-wakefulness cycle after lesions at the level or oral pontine tegmentum and superior cerebellar peduncle. In: Levin P, Koella WP (eds) Sleep 1974. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, Basel, pp 235–238

    Google Scholar 

  • De Andrés I, Gutiérrez-Rivas E, Nava E, Reinoso-Suárez F (197b) Independence of sleep-wakefulness cycle in an implanted head ‘encephale isole’. Neurosci Lett 2:13–18

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Andrés I, Gómez-Montoya J, Gutiérrez-Rivas E, Reinoso-Suárez F (198a) Differential action upon sleep states of ventrolateral and central areas of pontine tegmental field. Arch Ital Biol 123:1–11

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Andrés I, Rodrigo-Angulo ML, Reinoso-Suárez F (198b) El tegmento pontino: implicación en los estados de vigilia y de sueño. Rev Esp Fisiol Suppl 45:158–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Divac I (1975) Magnocellular nuclei of the basal forebrain project to neocortex, brain stem, and olfactory bulb. Review of some functional correlates. Brain Res 93:385–398

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards SB (1975) Autoradiographic studies of the projections of the midbrain reticular formation: descending projections of nucleus cuneiformis. J Comp Neurol 161:341–358

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fairén A (1973) Conexiones ascendentes del tegmento pontino caudal: Un estudio experimental en la rata blanca. Anal Anat 22:463–508

    Google Scholar 

  • Fink RP, Heimer L (1967) Two methods for selective silver impregnation of degenerating axons and their synaptic endings in the central nervous system. Brain Res 4:369–374

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Forcadas MI, Zarranz JJ (1994) Insomnia and hallucinations caused by vascular lesions of the pontine tegmentum. Neurologia 9:211–223

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • French JD, Magoun HW (1952) Effects of chronic lesions in central cephalic brain stem of monkeys. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry 68:591–604

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García Uría J, De Andrés I, Cunchillos JD, Reinoso-Suárez F (1980) Modification of the sleep-wakefulness cycle after surgical removal of the cerebellar cortex. In: Popovicin L, Asgian B, Badin G (eds) Sleep l978. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, Basel, pp 289–292

    Google Scholar 

  • Garzón M (1996) Estudio morfofuncional de los núcleos reticular oral y reticular caudal del tegmento pontino como regiones generadoras de sueño paradójico. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

    Google Scholar 

  • Gastaut H, Bert J (1961) Electroencephalographic detection of sleep induced by repetitive sensory stimuli. In: Wolstenholme GEW, O’Connor CM (eds) On the nature of the sleep. Churchil, London, pp 260–283

    Google Scholar 

  • Gottesmann C (1999) The neurophysiology of sleep and waking: intracerebral connections, functioning and ascending influences of the medulla oblongata. Prog Neurobiol 59:1–54

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gottesmann C, Gandolfo G, Zernicki B (1995) Sleep-waking cycle in chronic rat preparations with brain stem transected at the caudopontine level. Brain Res Bull 36:573–580

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Graybiel AM (1977) Direct and indirect preoculomotor pathways of the brainstem: an autoradiographic study of the pontine reticular formation in the cat. J Comp Neurol 175:37–78

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grofová I, Ottersen OP, Rinvik E (1978) Mesencephalic and diencephalic afferents to the superior colliculus and periaqueductal gray substance demonstrated by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in the cat. Brain Res 146:205–220

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gutiérrez-Rivas E, De Andrés I, Gómez-Montoya J, Reinoso-Suárez F (1978) The influence of the rostropontine-ventrolateral region on the sleep-wakefulness cycle. Experientia 34:61–62

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hernández-Peón R (1962) Sleep induced by localized electrical or chemical stimulation of the forebrain. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 14:423–424

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess WR (1927) Stammganglien Reizvesuche. Ber ges Physiol 42:554–555

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess WR (1931) Le sommeil. C R Soc Biol, Paris 107:1333–1360

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess WR (1968) Psychologie in biologisher Sicht. 2 Aufl Stuttgart, G Thieme

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodes R (1964) Electrocortical desynchronization resulting from spinal block: evidence for synchronizing influences in the cervical cord. Arch Ital Biol 102:183–196

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holmes CJ, Jones BE (1994) Importance of cholinergic, GABAergic, serotonergic and other neurons in the medial medullary reticular formation for sleep-wake states studied by cytotoxic lesions in the cat. Neuroscience 62:1179–1200

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Holstege G, Kuypers HG (1982) The anatomy of brain stem pathways to the spinal cord in cat. A labeled amino acid tracing study. Prog Brain Res 57:145–175

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horvath FE, Buser P (1972) Thalamo-caudate-cortical relationships in synchronized activity. I. Differentiation between ventral and dorsal spindle systems. Brain Res 39:21–41

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram WR, Barris RW, Ranson SW (1936) Catalepsy. An experimental study. Arch Neurol Psychiat 35:1175–1197

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiménez-Castellanos J, Reinoso-Suárez F (1985) Topographical organization of the afferent connections of the principal ventro-medial thalamic nucleus in the cat. J Comp Neurol 236:297–314

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones EG (1975) Some aspects of the organization of the thalamic reticular complex. J Comp Neurol 162:285–308

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones EG (2001) The thalamic matrix and thalamocortical synchrony. Trends Neurosci 24:595–601

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones EG (2007) The thalamus. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones B, Bobillier P, Jouvet M (1969) Effects de la destruction des neurones contenant des catecolamines du mesencephale sur le cycle veille-sommeil du chat. C R Soc Biol (Paris) 163:176–180

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jouvet M (1962) Research on the neural structures and responsible mechanisms in different phases of physiological sleep. Arch Ital Biol 100:125–206

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kievit J, Kuypers HG (1975a) Basal forebrain and hypothalamic connection to frontal and parietal cortex in the Rhesus monkey. Science 187:660–662

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kievit J, Kuypers HG (1975b) Subcortical afferents to the frontal lobe in the rhesus monkey studied by means of retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport. Brain Res 85:261–266

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota Y, Hatada S, Kondo S, Karube F, Kawaguchi Y (2007) Neocortical inhibitory terminals innervate dendritic spines targeted by thalamocortical afferents. J Neurosci 27:1139–1150

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsley DB, Schreiner LH, Knowles WB, Magoun HW (1950) Behavioral and EEG changes following chronic brain stem lesions in the cat. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 2:483–498

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Llamas A (1966) Conexiones de la parte compacta de la sustancia negra y del área ventral tegmrental de Tsai. An Anat 18:355–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Llamas A, Reinoso-Suárez F (1969) Projections of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental mesencephalic area. In: Gilligham FG (ed) Third symposium on Parkinson’s disease. E. & S. Livingstone, London, pp 82–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Llamas A, Reinoso-Suárez F, Martínez-Moreno E (1975) Projections to the gyrus proreus from the brain stem tegmentum (locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei) in the cat, demonstrated by retrorade transport of horseradish peroxidase. Brain Res 89:331–336

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lugaresi E, Medori R, Montagna P, Baruzzi A, Cortelli P, Lugaresi A, Tinuper P, Zucconi M, Gambetti P (1986) Fatal familial insomnia and dysautonomia with selective degeneration of thalamic nuclei. N Engl J Med 315:997–1003

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Madoz P (1968) Influencia de la región preóptica en la regulación de la actividad eléctrica cerebral. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain

    Google Scholar 

  • Madoz P, Reinoso-Suárez F (1968) Influence of lesions in preoptic region on the states of sleep and wakefulness. Proc XXIV Int Cong Physio Sci 7:276

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnes J, Moruzzi G, Pompeiano O (1961) Synchronization of the EEG produced by low frequency electrical stimulation of the region of the solitary tract. Arch Ital Biol 99:33–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Magni F, Moruzzi G, Rossi GF, Zanchetti A (1959) EEG arousal following inactivation of the lower brain stem by selective injection of barbiturate into the vertebral circulation. Arch Ital Biol 97:33–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Mancia M (1969) Electrophysiological and behavioural changes owing to splitting of the brain-stem in cats. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 27:487–502

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mancia M, Meulders M, Santibanez HG (1959) Synchronisation de l’électroencéphalogramme provoquée par la stimulation visuelle répétitive chez le chat "médiopontin prétrigéminal". Arch Int Physiol Biochem 67:661–670

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mancia M, Margnelli M, Mariotti M, Spreafico R, Broggi G (1974a) Brain stem-thalamus reciprocal influences in the cat. Brain Res 69:297–314

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mancia M, Mariotti M, Spreafico R (1974b) Caudo-rostral brain stem reciprocal influences in the cat. Brain Res 80:41–51

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marini G, Gritti I, Mancia M (1988) Ibotenic acid lesions of the thalamic medialis dorsalis nucleus in the cat: effects on the sleep-waking cycle. Neurosci Lett 89:259–264

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGinty DJ, Sterman MB (1968) Sleep suppression after basal forebrain lesions in the cat. Science 160:1253–1255

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison RS, Dempsey EW (1942) A study of thalamo-cortical relations. Am J Physiol 135:282–302

    Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi G (1972) The sleep-waking cycle. Ergeb Physiol 64:1–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi G, Magoun HW (1949) Brain stem reticular formation and activation of the EEG. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1:455–473

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nauta WJH (1946) Hypothalamic regulation of sleep in rats. An experimental study. J Neurophysiol 9:285–316

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nauta WJH (1957) Silver impregnation of degenerating axons. In: Windle WF, Thomas F (eds) New research techniques in neuroanatomy. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, pp 17–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Nauta WJH, Haymaker W (1969) Hypothalamic nuclei and fiber connections. In: Haymaker W, Anderson E, Nauta WJH (eds) The hypothalamus. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, pp 136–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Nauta WJH, Kuypers HGJ (1958) Some ascending pathways in the brain stem reticular formation. In: Reticular formation of the brain. Henry Ford Hospital symposium. Little Brown, Boston, pp 3–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Nicholson C (2007) Light sleeper. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:911

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nicolelis MA, Fanselow EE (2002) Thalamocortical [correction of Thalamcortical] optimization of tactile processing according to behavioral state. Nat Neurosci 5:517–523. Erratum in: Nat Neurosci 5:704

    Google Scholar 

  • Oka H, Ito J, Kawamura M (1982) Identification of thalamo-cortical neurons responsible for cortical recruiting and spindling activities in cats. Neurosci Lett 33:13–18

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parent A, Steriade M (1984) Midbrain tegmental projections of nucleus reticularis thalami of cat and monkey: a retrograde transport and antidromic invasion study. J Comp Neurol 229:548–558

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasquier DA, Reinoso-Suárez F (1976) Direct projections from hypothalamus to hippocampus in the rat demonstrated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. Brain Res 108:165–169

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasquier DA, Reinoso-Suárez F (1977) Differential efferent connections of the brain stem to the hippocampus in the cat. Brain Res 120:540–548

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pasquier DA, Reinoso-Suárez F (1978) The topographic organization of hypothalamic and brain stem projections to the hippocampus. Brain Res Bull 3:373–389

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pompeiano O, Swett JE (1962) EEG behavioural manifestation of sleep induced by cutaneous nerve stimulation in normal cats. Arch Ital Biol 100:311–342

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Puizillout JJ, Foutz AS, Ternaux JP (1973a) Slow wave and paradoxical sleep in ‘encéphale isolé’ preparation. In: Levin P, Koella WP (eds) Sleep 1973. Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers, Basel, pp 322–335

    Google Scholar 

  • Puizillout JJ, Ternaux JP, Foutz AS, Dell P (1973b) Slow wave sleep with phasic discharges. Triggering by vago-aortic stimulation. Rev Electroencephalogr Neurophysiol Clin 3:21–37

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ranson SW (1939) Somnolence caused by hypothalamic lesions in the monkey. Arch Neurol Psychiat 41:1–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Rausell E, Avendaño C (1985) Thalamocortical neurons projecting to superficial and to deep layers in parietal, frontal and prefrontal regions in the cat. Brain Res 347:159–165

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Barbero F, De Andrés I (1995) Effects of opioid microinjections in the nucleus of the solitary tract on the sleep-wakefulness cycle states in the cats. Anestesiology 82:144–152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1952) El problema facilitación supresión en sistema nervioso central bajo un punto de vista anatómico. An Anat 1:59–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1954) Die Auswirkungen der Ausschaltung eines Nucleus ruber auf die Hirnrinde (Electroencephalographische Untersuchungen an der Katze). Dtsch Z Nervenheilk 172:201–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1959) Formación reticular y actividad bioeléctrica encefálica. I Modificación de la actividad bioeléctrica espontánea tras diatermocoagulaciones localizadas en diencéfalo y corteza frontal. An Anat 7:239–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1960) Modifications of the potential evoked by acoustic stimuli by means of diatermo-coagulation in the diencephalon. J Comp Neurol 114:207–215

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1961) Topographischer Hirnatlas der Katze fur Experimental-Physiologische Untersuchungen. Merck AG, Darmstad

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1962) Consideraciones sobre las bases anatomofisiológicas del control de las sensaciones a la luz de las modificaciones que sufren los potenciales evocados en las vías visual y auditiva tras lesiones subcorticales. Rev Med Univ Navarra 6:203–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1963) Effects of diencephalic and mesencepalic lesions upon afferent impulses in the central sensory pathways. Electroenceph Clin Neurophysiol Suppl 24:33–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1971) Centros reguladores de la vigilia y el sueño. Rev Esp Oto-Neuro-Oftalm 29:111–119

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1977) Proyecciones a neocortex e hipocampo desde el tronco del encéfalo e hipotálamo. An Anat Nº Extraord:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1985) Morfología del sistema neuroendocrino. In: Schiaffini O, Fernández-Tresguerrres JA (eds) Neuroendocrinología. Salvat Editores, Barcelona, pp 1–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1992) Considerations on thalamic and pontine sleep mechanisms. In: Velluti R (ed) Fundamental neurobiology. Work, Montevideo, pp 59–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1993) Algunas consideraciones sobre la anatomía del sueño. An Anat 39:165–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F (1997) Neurobiología del despertar y la vigilia. An R Acad Nac Med (Madr) 114:249–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, De Andrés I (1976) Brain structures and sleep. Trab Inst Cajal Invest Biol 68:39–68

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, Llamas A (1968) Fibras ascendentes desde el tegmento pontino oral en el ratón. Acta Neurol Latinoam 14:5–16

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, Llamas A (1975) Conexiones aferentes a la corteza frontal desde tegmento ponto-mesencefálico (locus coeruleus, rafe, sustancia negra) en la rata. An Anat 24:337–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, Sierra G, Camacho A (1962) Efectos de lesiones en formación reticular protuberancial e istmo ponto-mesencefálico sobre el EEG del gato (Su participación en el mecanismo del sueño). Rev Med Univ Navarra 6:1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, Martínez-Moreno E, Nava BE (1974) Conexiones ascendentes desde el tronco del encéfalo a formaciones del hipocampo. An Anat 23:95–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, Pasquier DA, Llamas A, Martínez-Moreno E (1975) Ascending connections to hypothalamus and prosencephalon from the pontine-mesencephalic tegmentum. Anat Rec 181:459–460

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, Fairén A, Martínez-Moreno E, Nava BE, Pasquier DA (1977) Ascending projections from the brain stem. Med Biol Pap 1:233–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, Llamas A, Avendaño C (1982) Pallido-cortical projections in the cat studied by means of the horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport technique. Neurosci Lett 29:225–229

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, Rodrigo-Angulo ML, Rodríguez-Veiga E, De Andrés I (1990) Thalamic connections of oral pontine tegmentum sites whose cholinergic stimulation produces enhacement of paradoxical sleep signs. In: Mancia M, Marini G (eds) The diencephalon and sleep. Raven Press, New York, pp 49–63

    Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, De Andrés I, Rodrigo-Angulo ML, Rodríguez-Veiga E (1994) Location and anatomical connections of a paradoxical sleep induction site in the cat ventral pontine tegmentum. Eur J Neurosci 6:1829–1836

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Reinoso-Suárez F, De Andrés I, Rodrigo-Angulo ML, Garzón M (2001) Brain structures and mechanisms involved in the generation of REM sleep. Sleep Med Rev 5:63–78

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigo-Angulo ML, Reinoso-Suárez F (1982) Topographical organization of the brainstem afferents to the lateral posterior-pulvinar thalamic complex in the cat. Neuroscience 7:1495–1508

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigo-Angulo ML, Reinoso-Suárez F (1988) Connections to the lateral posterior-pulvinar thalamic complex from the reticular and ventral lateral geniculate thalamic nuclei: a topographical study in the cat. Neuroscience 26:449–459

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrigo-Angulo ML, Reinoso-Suárez F (1995) Afferent connections of the lateralis medialis thalamic nucleus in the cat. Brain Res Bull 38:53–67

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi GF, Zanchetti A (1957) The brain stem reticular formation. Anatomy and physiology. Arch Ital Biol 95:199–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Rossi GF, Minobe K, Candia O (1963) An experimental study of the hypnogenic mechanisms of the brain stem. Arch Ital Biol 101:470–492

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rubio-Garrido P, Pérez-de-Manzo F, Porrero C, Galazo MJ, Clascá F (2009) Thalamic input to distal apical dendrites in neocortical layer 1 is massive and highly convergent. Cereb Cortex 19:2380–2395

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sakai K, Sastre JP, Salvert D, Touret M, Tohyama M, Jouvet M (1979) Tegmentoreticular projections with special reference to the muscular atonia during paradoxical sleep in the cat: an HRP study. Brain Res 176:233–254

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki K, Matsuda Y, Kawaguchi S, Mizuno N (1972) On the cerebello-thalamo-cerebral pathway for the parietal cortex. Exp Brain Res 16:89–103

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki K, Kawaguchi S, Oka H, Sakai M, Mizuno N (1976) Electrophysiological studies on the cerebellocerebral projections in monkeys. Exp Brain Res 24:495–507

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sforza E, Montagna P, Tinuper P, Cortelli P, Avoni P, Ferrillo F, Petersen R, Gambetti P, Lugaresi E (1995) Sleep-wake cycle abnormalities in fatal familial insomnia. Evidence of the role of the thalamus in sleep regulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 94:398–405

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman SM (2001) Tonic and burst firing: dual modes of thalamocortical relay. Trends Neurosci 24:122–136

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman SM (2004) Interneurons and triadic circuitry of the thalamus. Trends Neurosci 27:670–675

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel JM, Tomaszewski KS, Nienhuis R (1986) Behavioral states in the chronic medullary and midpontine cat. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 63:274–288

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Starzl TE, Magoun HW (1951) Organization of the diffuse thalamic projection system. J Neurophysiol 14:133–146

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steriade M, Domigh L, Oakson G, Deschenes M (1987a) The deafferented reticular thalamic nucleus generates spindle ritmicity. J Neurophysiol 57:260–273

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Steriade M, Parent A, Pare D, Smith Y (1987b) Cholinergic and non-cholinergic neurons of cat basal forebrain project to reticular and mediodorsal thalamic nuclei. Brain Res 408:372–376

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sterman MB, Clemente CD (1962) Forebrain inhibitory mechanisms: cortical synchronization induced by basal forebrain stimulation in the behaving cat. Exp Neurol 6:91–102

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tortelly A, Reinoso-Suárez F (1980) Projections to the superior colliculus from the dorsal hypothalamic area and other prosencephalic structures derived from the embryonic subthalamic longitudinal band of the diencephalon. Neurosci Lett 18:257–260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Torvik A, Brodal A (1957) The origin of reticulospinal fibers in the cat; an experimental study. Anat Rec 128:113–137

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanni-Mercier G, Sakai K, Lin JS, Jouvet M (1991) Carbachol microinjections in the mediodorsal pontine tegmentum are unable to induce paradoxical sleep after caudal pontine and prebulbar transections in the cat. Neurosci Lett 130:41–45

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velasco M, Lindsley DB (1965) Role of orbital cortex in regulation of thalamocortical electrical activity. Science 149:1375–1377

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velayos JL (1971) Conexiones ascendentes del bulbo raquídeo. An Anat 20:587–627

    Google Scholar 

  • Velayos JL, Reinoso-Suárez F (1982) Topographic organization of the brainstem afferents to the medio-dorsal thalamic nucleus. J Comp Neurol 206:12–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Velayos JL, Reinoso-Suárez F (1985) Prosencephalic afferents to the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. J Comp Neurol 242:161–181

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velayos JL, Jiménez-Castellanos J Jr, Reinoso-Suárez F (1989) Topographical organization of the projections from the reticular thalamic nucleus to the intralaminar and medial thalamic nuclei in the cat. J Comp Neurol 279:457–469

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Velayos JL, Casas-Puig R, Reinoso-Suárez F (1993) Laminar organization of the cortical projections to the intralaminar and medial thalamic nuclei. In: Minciacchi D, Molinari M, Macchi G, Jones EG (eds) Thalamic networks for relay and modulation. Pergamon Press, Oxford, pp 185–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Villablanca JR (1965) The electrocorticogram in the chronic cerveau isolé cat. Electroenceph clin Neurophysiol 19:576–586

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villablanca JR (1972) Permanent reduction in sleep after removal of cerebral cortex and striatum in cats. Brain Res 36:463–468

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Villablanca JR (1974) Role of the thalamus in sleep control: sleep-wakefulness studies in chronic diencephalic and athalamic cats. In: Petre-Quadens O, Schlag J (eds) Basic sleep mechanisms. Academic, New York, pp 51–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Villablanca JR (2004) Counterpointing the functional role of the forebrain and of the brainstem in the control of the sleep-waking system. J Sleep Res 13:179–208

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Villablanca JR, Marcus R (1972) Sleep-wakefulness, EEG and behavioral studies of chronic cats without neocortex and striatum: the ‘diencephalic’ cat. Arch Ital Biol 110:348–382

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Viñes-Morros R (1959) Vias trigeminales y actividad bioeléctrica cerebral. An Anat 10:507–527

    Google Scholar 

  • von Economo C (1926) Die Pathologie des Schlafes. In: von Bethe A, von Bergman G, Embden G, Ellinger A (eds) Handbuch des normalen und pathologischen Physiologie. Springer, Berlin, pp 591–610

    Google Scholar 

  • von Economo C (1930) Sleep as a problem of localization. J Nerv Ment Dis 71:249–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Zanchetti A (1967) Brain stem mechanisms of sleep. Anestesiology 28:81–99

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zarranz J (1972) Nuevas experiencias sobre la región caudal del puente y su influencia en los mecanismos neurofisiológicos del sueño. An Anat 21:583–611

    Google Scholar 

  • Zarranz J, Reinoso-Suárez F (1971) The pontine tegmentum and sleep-wakefulness states. XXV International Congress Physiology Science, Munich, p 618

    Google Scholar 

  • Zernicki B (1968) Pretrigeminal cat. Brain Res 9:1–15

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Fernando Reinoso-Suárez M.D., Ph.D. .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Reinoso-Suárez, F., de Andrés, I., Garzón, M. (2011). Revision of the Publications Describing the Anatomical Connections and Effects of Lesions and Electrical Stimulation of Brain Structures on the Sleep–Wakefulness Cycle. In: Functional Anatomy of the Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle: Wakefulness. Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology, vol 208. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14626-8_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14626-8_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-14625-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-14626-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics