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Festuca

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Book cover Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources

Abstract

The genus Festuca L. is one of the largest in Gramineae and is, along with Poa L., the largest genus of tribe Poeae. Festuca L. and its closely allied genus Lolium L. have long fascinated agronomists, evolutionists, and plant breeders, and these genera are among the most widely studied of the non-cereal grasses. The genus Festuca contains two agriculturally important forage crops, hexaploid tall fescue and diploid meadow fescue. Other fescues of some importance are red fescue, F. rubra L., and sheep fescue, F. ovina L., as forage and turf. Festuca species are much better adapted to such abiotic stresses as heat, drought, and low temperature, but by contrast, they do not compare well in animal forage provision to Lolium species as Festuca species show poor establishment and comparatively lower quality characteristics. Festuca and Lolium species hybridize naturally and exhibit high frequencies of gene exchange in the hybrid condition. Intergeneric hybrids (Festulolium) between Festuca and Lolium species are being used to broaden the gene pool and to provide the plant breeder with options to combine high quality traits with broad adaptations to a range of environmental constraints. Festulolium varieties have promise as novel grasses with high forage and turf quality and resistance to environmental stress and thereby can improve grassland productivity, persistency, and benefit incomes as well as low maintenance turf. Conventional breeding programs of forage and turf grasses rely basically on observable phenotypes using the natural genetic variation found between and within varieties or ecotypes. Genetic improvement of forage and turf grasses by conventional breeding programs is very slow due to the obligate outcrossing and perennial nature of grasses. Advances in genomics and gene manipulation can complement and enhance conventional plant breeding programs. Sustainable system for production and maintenance of forage and turf will be the most important issue in the future. Some of Festuca species have strong abiotic tolerances such as against freezing, heat, and drought. We should evaluate many accessions of Festuca species in terms of the sustainability of the materials for breeding now.

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  1. Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Kita 11, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0811, Japan

    Toshihiko Yamada

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  1. Institute of Nutraceutical Research, Clemson University, Jordan Hall 109, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA

    Chittaranjan Kole

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Yamada, T. (2011). Festuca . In: Kole, C. (eds) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14255-0_9

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