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Dichanthium

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Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources

Abstract

To meet the ever-increasing demand for forages, genetic improvement of forage crops is imminent. Development of efficient breeding strategies in forage crops requires sound knowledge of their taxonomy, reproductive diversity, genome organization, and evolution of their cultivated as well as wild relatives. Dichanthium species are generally range grasses growing in hot and arid conditions. Four species of Dichanthium are popular as forage crops because of their high palatability and nutritive value. Dichanthium forms an agamic complex with two other genera, Bothriochloa and Capillipedium, where genetic exchange still takes place due to the occurrence of a few sexual or facultative apomictic types. This resulted in various intergrades, which made taxonomic positioning of different species of these three genera highly contentious. Dichanthium annulatum has been studied in detail for understanding the mechanism of apomixis for the ultimate aim of transferring this trait to crop plants. Various cytological features of Dichanthium complex have indicated the kind of genome organization. Several cultivars have been released for commercial cultivation from different countries. Owing to the predominantly apomictic mode of reproduction, the genetic improvement was restricted to selection methodologies. But the recent availability of advanced molecular and biotechnological tools enables gene transfer for desirable agronomic traits such as better forage quality and stress tolerance from the wild relatives.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India

    Vishnu Bhat

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  1. Vishnu Bhat
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  2. C. Mahalakshmi
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  3. Shashi
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  4. Sunil Saran
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  5. Soom Nath Raina
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Correspondence to Vishnu Bhat .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nutraceutical Research, Clemson University, Jordan Hall 109, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA

    Chittaranjan Kole

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© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Bhat, V., Mahalakshmi, C., , S., Saran, S., Raina, S.N. (2011). Dichanthium . In: Kole, C. (eds) Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14255-0_6

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