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Geophysical Surveys and Data Analysis

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Exploration of Gas Hydrates

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Abstract

Gas hydrates occur worldwide in marine sediments and can play a major role in contributing world’s energy requirements. The identification and assessment of gas hydrate volume can be done by different geophysical techniques including various types of seismic surveys, like (2D/3D conventional, ocean bottom seismic, vertical seismic profiling, cross-well seismic and multi-component), well logging, and control source electromagnetic surveys. This chapter provides a brief of various survey designs and optimal survey parameters for gas hydrate exploration. Reflection seismic profiles are useful to construct the compressional velocity (VP) model for hydrate bearing formations and to explore its possible lateral variation and thereby provide possible relevant interpretations in terms of the geology/tectonics of the subsurface earth. Ocean bottom seismic surveys are the key to explore deeper structures and to build the shear velocity model for hydrates. The results of various gas hydrate models together with the field data reveals that seismic methods are able to detect the lower stratigraphic bound of the hydrates as there is no seismic reflection from upper bound and there is no seismic signature within the hydrate stability zone. Another technique for hydrate detection includes well logging (electrical resistivity, gamma ray etc.) which, provide point measurements and provide no information into the lateral distribution of hydrates. Electromagnetic methods for hydrate detection are also feasible but require more field attempts and laboratory studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute (CSIR), National Geophysical Research, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India, 500007

    Dr. Naresh Kumar Thakur

  2. CSIRO Petroleum Resources ARRC, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, Perth, Western Australia, 6151, Australia

    Dr. Sanjeev Rajput

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  1. Dr. Naresh Kumar Thakur
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Thakur, N.K., Rajput, S. (2011). Geophysical Surveys and Data Analysis. In: Exploration of Gas Hydrates. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14234-5_7

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