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Soil Enzymology pp 207–228Cite as

Fungal Oxidoreductases and Humification in Forest Soils

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Part of the book series: Soil Biology ((SOILBIOL,volume 22))

Abstract

Humification is aerobic, largely oxidative process of non-living organic matter biotransformation into recalcitrant humic substances (HS). HS comprise up to 90% of soil organic matter and represent a long-time sink for atmospheric CO2 with mean residence time of 102–103 years. Wood- and soil-colonizing fungi are the major driving force in humification, being involved in transformation of plant residues, synthesis, and degradation of HS. The chapter is focused on production of ligninolytic oxidoreductases by different groups of fungi and their role in humus synthesis and transformation in forest soils. White-rot fungi and litter-decomposing basidiomycetes producing acidic laccases and ligninolytic peroxidases are mainly involved in delignification and HS degradation, leading to release of small soluble fragments (fulvic acids, monomers) and CO2. Brown-rot fungi producing non-enzymatic oxidative agents and probably laccase are responsible for synthesis of high molecular weight humic acids from partially oxidized lignin. Ascomycetes produce non-ligninolytic peroxidases, neutral laccases, and tyrosinases and are mainly involved in synthesis of HS by partial lignin oxidation or extracellular polymerization of low molecular weight polyphenols. Laccases of ectomycorrhizae and lichens may participate in humus formation via polymerization of phenols, while tyrosinases may contribute to humic acid fraction via melanization.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (grant 09-04-00570) and from the Programme No.15 of the Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences “Origin of the Biosphere and Evolution of Geobiological systems” is gratefully acknowledged. We are expressing our sincere thanks to Prof. Richard P. Beckett for long lasting cooperation, his valuable comments and revising the language of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia

    A. G. Zavarzina

  2. Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142292, Russia

    A. A. Lisov & A. A. Leontievsky

  3. Faculty of Biology and Soil Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia

    A. A. Zavarzin

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  1. A. G. Zavarzina
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  2. A. A. Lisov
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  3. A. A. Zavarzin
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  4. A. A. Leontievsky
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Correspondence to A. G. Zavarzina .

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  1. Dept. Biological, Geological &, Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Euclid Ave. 2121, Cleveland, 44115-2214, Ohio, USA

    Girish Shukla

  2. Amity Institute of Microbial Sciences, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ajit Varma

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Zavarzina, A.G., Lisov, A.A., Zavarzin, A.A., Leontievsky, A.A. (2010). Fungal Oxidoreductases and Humification in Forest Soils. In: Shukla, G., Varma, A. (eds) Soil Enzymology. Soil Biology, vol 22. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14225-3_11

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