Skip to main content

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 293))

  • 798 Accesses

Summary

This chapter discusses the application of an index tracking technique to mutual fund replication problems. By using a tracking error (TE) minimization method and two tactical rebalancing strategies (i.e. the calendar based strategy and the tolerance triggered strategy), a multiperiod fund tracking model is developed that replicates S&P 500 mutual fund returns. The impact of excess returns and loss aversion on overall tracking performance is also discussed in two extended cases of the original TE optimization. An evolutionary method, Differential Evolution, is used for optimizing the asset weights. According to the experiment results, it is found that the proposed model replicates the first two moments of the fund returns by using only five equities. The TE optimization strategy under loss aversion with tolerance triggered rebalancing dominates other combinations studied with regard to tracking ability and cost efficiency.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alexander, C., Dimitriu, A.: Sources of out-performance in equity markets. The Journal of Portfolio Management 30, 170–185 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alexander, C., Dimitriu, A.: Indexing and statistical arbitrage. The Journal of Portfolio Management 31, 50–63 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson, S.C., Ahmed, P.: Mutual Fund Fees and Expenses. In: Mutual Funds: Fifty Years of Research Findings, ch. 3, pp. 57–69. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Beasley, J.E., Meade, N., Chang, T.J.: An evolutionary heuristic for the index tracking problem. European Journal of Operational Research 148, 621–643 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Bogle, J.C.: Common Sense on Mutual Funds: New Imperatives for the Intelligent Investor. Wiley, John & Sons (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Carhart, M.M.: On persistence of mutual fund performance. Journal of Finance 52, 57–82 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Eakins, G.S., Stansell, S.: An examination of alternative portfolio rebalancing strategies applied to sector funds. Journal of Asset Management 8, 1–8 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Gilli, M., Këllezi, E.: The threshold accepting heuristic for index tracking. In: Pardalos, P., Tsitsiringos, V. (eds.) Financial Engineering, E-Commerce, and Supply Chain. Kluwer Applied Optimization Series, ch. 1, pp. 1–18 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Haslem, J.A., Baker, H.K., Smith, D.M.: Performance and characteristics of actively managed retail equity mutual funds with diverse expense ratios. Financial Services Review 17, 49–68 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Malkiel, B.G.: Returns from investing in equity mutual funds. Journal of Finance 50, 549–572 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Maringer, D.: Small is beautiful: Diversification with a limited number of assets, centre for Computational Finance and Economic Agents Working Paper Series (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Maringer, D.: Constrained index tracking under loss aversion using differential evolution. In: Brabazon, A., O’Neill, M. (eds.) Natural Computing in Computational Finance, ch. 2, pp. 7–24. Springer, Berlin (2008)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Maringer, D., Oyewumi, O.: Index tracking with constrained portfolios. Intelligent Systems in Accounting and Finance Management 15(1), 51–71 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Meade, N., Salkin, G.R.: Developing and maintaining an equity index fund. Journal of the Operational Research Society 41, 599–607 (1990)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Montfort, K.V., Visser, E., Draat, L.F.V.: Index tracking by means of optimized sampling. The Journal of Portfolio Management 34, 143–151 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Roll, R.: A mean–variance analysis of tracking error. Journal of Portfolio Management 18, 13–22 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Sharpe, W.F.: Mutual fund performance. Journal of Business 39, 119–138 (1966)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Storn, R., Price, K.: Differential evolution – a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimizationover continuous spaces. Journal of Global Optimization 11(4), 341–359 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. di Tollo, G., Maringer, D.: Metaheuristics for the index tracking problem. In: Geiger, M.J., Habenicht, W., Sevaux, M., Sörensen, K. (eds.) Metaheuristics in the Services Industry. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, vol. 624, ch. 8, pp. 127–154. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Zhang, J., Maringer, D. (2010). Index Mutual Fund Replication. In: Brabazon, A., O’Neill, M., Maringer, D.G. (eds) Natural Computing in Computational Finance. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 293. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13950-5_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13950-5_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-13949-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-13950-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics