Skip to main content

Vertical structure from recent observations

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System

Part of the book series: Springer Praxis Books ((ENVIRONSCI))

  • 2122 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter discusses recent observations on the vertical structure of the MJO since 2005 when the First Edition of this book was published. Many studies have contributed to our knowledge of this subject. Earlier observations of the MJO were mainly based on limited rawinsonde data from operational sites and special field experiments, as well as previous global reanalysis products.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Agudelo, P. A., J. A. Curry, C. D. Hoyos, and P. J. Webster (2006) Transition between suppressed and active phases of intraseasonal oscillations in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. J. Climate, 19, 5519–5530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, R. T., A. J. Heymsfield, and G. L. Stephens (2009) Retievals of ice cloud microphy- sical parameters using the CloudSat millimeter-wave radar and temperature. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D00A23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benedict, J. J. and D. A. Randall (2009) Structure of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in the Superparameterized CAM. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3277–3296.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chahine, M. T. et al. (2006) AIRS: Improving weather forecasting and providing new data on greenhouse gases. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Society, 87, 911–926, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-87-7-911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y. H. and A. D. Del Genio (2009) Evaluation of tropical cloud regimes in observations and a general circulation model. Climate Dynamics, 32, 355–369, doi: 10.1007/S00382-008-0386-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fetzer, E. J., W. G. Read, D. Waliser, B. H. Kahn, B. Tian, H. Vomel, F. W. Irion, H. Su, A. Eldering, M. de la Torre Juarez et al. (2008) Comparison of upper tropospheric water vapor observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder. J. Geophys. Res., 113, D22110, doi: 10.1029/2008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fu, X. H., B. Wang, and L. Tao (2006) Satellite data reveal the 3-D moisture structure of Tropical Intraseasonal Oscillation and its coupling with underlying ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill, A. E. (1980) Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 106, 447–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haertel, P. T., G. N. Kiladis, A. Denno, and T. M. Rickenbach (2009) Vertical-mode decomposition of 2-day waves and the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 813–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendon, H. H. and M. L. Salby (1994) The life-cycle of the Madden–Julian Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 51(15), 2225–2237.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, X., T. Li, and B. Wang (2004) Structures and mechanisms of the northward propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation. J. Climate, 17, 1022–1039.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, W. S. Olson, W.-K. Tao, T. S. L’Ecuyer, J.-L. Li, B. Tian, Y. L. Yung, A. M. Tompkins, S. E. Lang, and M. Grecu (2009) Vertical heating structures associated with the MJO as characterized by TRMM estimates, ECMWF Reanalyses and forecasts: A case study during 1998–99 winter. J. Climate, 22, 6001–6020.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, J.-L Li, and C. Woods (2010a) Vertical cloud structures of the boreal summer intraseasonal variability based on CloudSat observations and ERA-Interim reanalysis. Climate Dynamics, doi: 10.1007/s00382-010-0853-8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang, X., D. E. Waliser, W. S. Olson, W.-K. Tao, T. S. L’Ecuyer, S. Shige, K.-F. Li, Y. L. Yung, S. Lang, and Y. N. Takayabu (2011) Vertical diabatic heating structure of the MJO: Intercomparison between recent reanalyses and TRMM estimates. Mon. Wea. Rev. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R. H., T. M. Rickenbach, S. A. Rutledge, P. E. Ciesielski, and W. H. Schubert (1999) Trimodal characteristics of tropical convection. J. Climate, 12, 2397–2418.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C. and B. C. Weare (1996) The role of low-level moisture convergence and ocean latent heat flux in the Madden and Julian Oscillation: An observational analysis using ISCCP data and ECMWF analyses. J. Climate, 9, 3086–3104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Katsumata, M., R. H. Johnson, and P. E. Ciesielski (2009) Observed synoptic-scale variability during the developing phase of an ISO over the Indian Ocean during MISMO. J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 3434–3448.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kemball-Cook, S. R. and B. C. Weare (2001) The onset of convection in the Madden Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 14, 780–793.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kikuchi, K. and Y. N. Takayabu (2004) The development of organized convection associated with the MJO during TOGA COARE IOP: Trimodal characteristics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10101, doi: 10.1029/2004GL019601.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kiladis, G. N., K. H. Straub, and P. T. Haertel (2005) Zonal and vertical structure of the Madden–Julian Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 2790–2809.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kummerow, C., W. Barnes, T. Kozu, J. Shiue, and J. Simpson (1998) The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) sensor package. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 15, 809–817.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, W. K. M. and M. Wu (2010) Characteristics of precipitation, cloud, and latent heating associated with the Madden and Julian Oscillation. J. Climate, 23, 504–518.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, J., B. E. Mapes, M. Zhang, and M. Newman (2004) Stratiform precipitation, vertical heating profiles, and the Madden–Julian Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 296–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, X. and R. H. Johnson (1996) Heating, moistening, and rainfall over the western Pacific warm pool during TOGA COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3367–3383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ling, J. and C. Zhang (2010) Structural evolution in heating profiles of the MJO in global reanalyses and TRMM retrievals. J. Climate, 24, 825–842.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, W. T. and W. Tang (2005) Estimating moisture transport over oceans using space-based observations. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10101, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madden, R. A. and P. R. Julian (1972) Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40–50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109–1123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maloney, E. D. (2009) The moist static energy budget of a composite tropical intraseasonal oscillation in a climate model. J. Climate, 22, 711–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maloney, E. D., A. H. Sobel, and W. M. Hannah (2010) Intraseasonal variability in an aquaplanet general circulation model. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 2, Art. #5, 24 pp., doi: org/10.3894/JAMES.2010.2.5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masunaga, H., T. S. L’Ecuyer, and C. D. Kummerow (2006) The Madden–Julian Oscillation recorded in early observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2777–2794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morita, J., Y. N. Takayabu, S. Shige, and Y. Kodama (2006) Analysis of rainfall characteristics of the Madden–Julian oscillation using TRMM satellite data. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans, 42, 107–126.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, D. S. and D. E. Waliser (2003) Three-dimensional water vapor and cloud variations associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation during Northern Hemisphere winter. J. Climate, 16, 929–950.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossow, W. B. and R. A. Schiffer (1999) Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Society, 80, 2261–2287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shinoda, T., H. H. Hendon, and J. Glick (1998) Intraseasonal variability of surface fluxes and sea surface temperature in the tropical western Pacific and Indian oceans. J. Climate, 11, 1685–1702.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sobel, A. H., E. D. Maloney, G. Bellon, and D. M. Frierson (2010) Surface fluxes and tropical intraseasonal variability: A reassessment. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 2, doi: 10.3894/ JAMES.2010.2.2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sperber, K. R. (2003) Propagation and the vertical structure of the Madden–Julian Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 3018–3037.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Susskind, J., C. Barnet, J. Blaisdell, L. Iredell, F. Kelta, L. Kouvaris, G. Molnar, and M. Chahine (2006) Accuracy of geophysical parameters derived from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit as a function of fractional cloud cover. J. Geophys. Res, 111, D09S17, doi: 10.1029/2005jd006272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao, W.-K., E. Smith, R. Adler, Z. Haddad, A. Hou, T. Iguchi, R. Kakar, T. N. Krishnamurti, C. Kummerow, S. Lang et al. (2006) Retrieval of latent heating from TRMM measurements. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Society, 87, 1555–1572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, B., D. E. Waliser, E. J. Fetzer, B. H. Lambrigtsen, Y. L. Yung, and B. Wang (2006) Vertical moist thermodynamic structure and spatial-temporal evolution of the MJO in AIRS observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2462–2485.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tian, B., D. E. Waliser, E. J. Fetzer, and Y. L. Yung (2010) Vertical moist thermodynamic structure of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in Atmospheric Infrared Sounder observations: An update and a comparison to ECMWF interim reanalysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 138, 4576–4882.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tromeur, E. and W. B. Rossow (2010) Interaction of tropical deep convection with the large- scale circulation in the MJO. J. Climate, 23, 1837–1853.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waliser, D. E., B. Tian, X. Xie, W. T. Liu, M. J. Schwartz, and E. J. Fetzer (2009) How well can satellite data characterize the water cycle of the Madden–Julian Oscillation? Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L21803, doi: 10.1029/2009GL040005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weare, B. C. (2003) Composite singular value decomposition analysis of moisture variations associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation. J. Climate, 16, 3779–3792.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, M., G. N. Kiladis, and P. J. Webster (2000) Large-scale dynamical fields associated with convectively coupled equatorial waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 613–640.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, D. L. et al. (2006) EOS MLS cloud ice measurements and cloudy-sky radiative transfer model. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 44(5), 1156–1165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yoneyama, K., Y. Masumoto, Y. Kuroda, M. Katsumata, K. Mizuno, Y. N. Takayabu, M. Yoshizaki, A. Shareef, Y. Fujiyoshi, M. J. McPhaden et al. (2008) MISMO field experiment in the equatorial Indian Ocean. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Society, 89, 1889–1903.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, L. S. and R. A. Weller (2007) Objectively analyzed air-sea heat fluxes for the global icefree oceans (1981–2005). Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Society, 88(4), 527–539.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, C. (1996) Atmospheric intraseasonal variability at the surface in the western Pacific Ocean. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 739–785.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, C. (2005) Madden–Julian Oscillation. Rev. Geophys., 43, RG2003, doi: 10.1029/ 2004RG000158.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, C., J. Ling, S. M. Hagos, W.-K. Tao, S. Lang, Y. N. Takayabu, S. Shige, M. Katsumata, W. S. Olson, and T. L’Ecuyer (2010) MJO signals in latent heating: Results from TRMM retrievals. J. Atmos. Sci., 67, 3488–3508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lau, W.K.M., Waliser, D.E., Zhang, C. (2012). Vertical structure from recent observations. In: Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System. Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13914-7_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics