Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Historical perspective

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System

Part of the book series: Springer Praxis Books ((ENVIRONSCI))

Abstract

The 1960s was a remarkable decade for research in tropical meteorology. Tropical climatology was already reasonably understood, but little was known of its variability or that of daily tropical weather. Regularly sampled data and access to computers to process data became more readily available. The excitement of looking at these data, which no one else had studied before, must have been something like that of polar explorers in the early part of the century who made their way to places no one had ever been before.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Cadet, D. L. (1986) Fluctuations of precipitable water over the Indian Ocean during the 1979 summer monsoon. Tellus, 38A, 170–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chang, C.-P. (1977) Viscous internal gravity waves and low-frequency oscillations in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 901–910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooley, J. W. and J. W. Tukey (1965) An algorithm for the machine calculation of Fourier series. Math. Comput., 19, 297–301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dakshinamurti, J. and R. N. Keshavamurty (1976) On oscillations of period around one month in the Indian summer monsoon. Indian J. Meteor. Hydrol. Geophys., 27, 201–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Drosdowsky, W. (1996) Variability of the Australian summer monsoon at Darwin: 1957–1992. J. Climate, 9, 85–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ebdon, R. A. (1960) Notes on wind flow at 50 mb in tropical and sub-tropical regions in January 1957 and January 1958. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 86, 540–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ebdon, R. A. (1963) The tropical stratospheric wind fluctuation. Weather, 18, 2–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Emanuel, K. A. (1987) Air-sea interaction model of intraseasonal oscillations in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2324–2340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enfield, D. B. (1987) The intraseasonal oscillation in eastern Pacific sea levels: How is it forced? J. Phys. Oceanogr., 17, 1860–1876.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feissel, M. and D. Gambis (1980) La mise en evidence de variations rapides de la duree de jour. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci., Ser. B, 291, 271–273 [in French].

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferranti, L., T. N. Palmer, F. Molteni, and E. Klinker (1990) Tropical-extratropical interaction associated with the 30–60 day oscillation and its impact on medium and extended range prediction. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2177–2199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gill, A. E. (1980) Some simple solutions for heat-induced tropical circulation. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 447–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graystone, P. (1959) Meteorological Office discussion: Tropical meteorology. Met. Mag., 88, 113–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruber, A. (1974a) Wavenumber–frequency spectra of the 200 mb wind field in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1615–1625.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gruber, A. (1974b) Wavenumber-frequency spectra of satellite-measured brightness in the tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1675–1680.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, J. D., A. J. Matthews, and D. J. Karoly (2001) The modulation of tropical cyclone activity in the Australian region by the Madden–Julian Oscillation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2970–2982.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendon, H. H. and B. Liebmann (1990a) A composite study of onset of the Australian summer monsoon. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2227–2240.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendon, H. H. and B. Liebmann (1990b) The intraseasonal (30–50 day) oscillation of the Australian summer monsoon. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2909–2923.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendon, H. H. and M. L. Salby (1994) The life cycle of the Madden–Julian Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2225–2231.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holland, G. J. (1986) Interannual variability of the Australian summer monsoon at Darwin: 1952–82. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 594–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holton, J. R. (1973) On the frequency distribution of atmospheric Kelvin waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 499–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, Q. and D. A. Randall (1994) Low-frequency oscillations in radiative–convective systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 1089–1099.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hung, C.-W. and M. Yanai (2004) Factors contributing to the onset of the Australian summer monsoon. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 739–758.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C., D. E. Waliser, K. M. Lau, and W. Stern (2004) The Madden–Julian Oscillation and its impact on Northern Hemisphere weather predictability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1462–1471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knutsen, T. R., K. M. Weickmann, and J. E. Kutzbach (1986) Global-scale intraseasonal oscillations of outgoing longwave radiation and 250 mb zonal wind during northern hemisphere summer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 605–623.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnamurti, T. N., D. K. Oosterhof, and A. V. Mehta (1988) Air-sea interaction on the time scale of 30 to 50 days. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1304–1322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, K.-M. and P. H. Chan (1986a) The 40–50 day oscillation and the El Nino/Southern Oscillation: A new perspective. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 67, 533–534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, K.-M. and P. H. Chan (1986b) Aspects of the 40–50 day oscillation during northern summer as inferred from outgoing longwave radiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 114, 1354–1367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, K.-M. and L. Peng (1987) Origin of low-frequency (intraseasonal) oscillations in the tropical atmosphere, Part 1: Basic theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 950–972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, K.-M. and T. J. Phillips (1986) Coherent fluctuations of extratropical geopotential height and tropical convection in intraseasonal time scales. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1164–1181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lau, N.-C., I. M. Held, and J. D. Neelin (1988) The Madden Julian Oscillation in an idealized general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3810–3832.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liebmann, B., H. H. Hendon, and J. D. Glick (1994) The relationship between tropical cyclones of the western Pacific and Indian Oceans and the Madden–Julian Oscillation. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 72, 401–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindzen, R. S. (1974) Wave-CISK and tropical spectra. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1447–1449.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenc, A. C. (1984) The evolution of planetary-scale 200-mb divergent flow during the FGGE year. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 110, 427–441.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luther, D. S. (1980) Observations of long period waves in the tropical oceans and atmosphere. PhD. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 210 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madden, R. A. (1986) Seasonal variations of the 40–50 day oscillation in the Tropics. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 3138–3158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madden, R. A. (1988) Large intraseasonal variations in wind stress over the tropical Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 93, 5333–5340.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madden, R. A. and P. R. Julian (1971) Description of a 40–50 day oscillation in the zonal wind in the tropical Pacific. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 702–708.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madden, R. A. and P. R. Julian (1972) Description of global-scale circulation cells in the tropics with a 40–50 day period. J. Atmos. Sci., 29, 1109–1123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madden, R. A. and P. Speth (1995) Estimates of atmospheric angular momentum, friction, and mountain torque during 1987–1988. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 3681–3694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maloney, E. D. and D. L. Hartmann (2000) Modulation of eastern North Pacific hurricanes by the Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Climate, 13, 1451–1460.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maruyama, T. (1967) Large-scale disturbances in the equatorial lower stratosphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 45, 391–408.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matsuno, T. (1966) Quasi-geostrophic motions in the equatorial area. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 44, 25–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • McPhaden, M. J. (1982) Variability in the central equatorial Indian Ocean: Ocean dynamics. J. Mar. Res., 40, 157–176.

    Google Scholar 

  • McPhaden, M. J. (1999) Genesis and evolution of the 1997–1998 El Nino. Science, 283, 950–954.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mo, K. C. (2000) The association between intraseasonal oscillations and tropical storms in the Atlantic basin. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 4097–4107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murakami, T. (1976) Cloudiness fluctuations during the summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 54, 175–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mysak, L. A. and G. J. Mertz (1984) A 40-day to 60-day oscillation in the source region of the Somali Current during 1976. J. Geophys. Res., 89, 711–715.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakazawa, T. (1986) Intraseasonal variations of OLR in the tropics during the FGGE year. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 64, 17–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakazawa, T. (1988) Tropical super clusters within intraseasonal variations over the western Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 66, 823–828.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neelin, J. D., I. M. Held, and K. H. Cook (1987) Evaporation-wind feedback and low- frequency variability in the tropical atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 2341–2348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newton, C. W. (1971) Global angular momentum balance: Earth torques and atmospheric fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 28, 1329–1341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parker, D. E. (1973) Equatorial Kelvin waves at 100 millibars. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 99, 116–129.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, R. J., W. J. Campbell, L. A. Rasmussen, and D. G. Rogers (1961) Evidence of a downward-propagating, annual wind reversal in the equatorial stratosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 66, 813–818.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salstein, D. A. and R. D. Rosen (1994) Topographical forcing of the atmosphere and a rapid change in the length of day. Science, 264, 407–409.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Swinbank, R., T. N. Palmer, and M. K. Davey (1988) Numerical simulations of the Madden and Julian Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 774–778.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Takayabu, Y. N., T. Iguchi, M. Kachi, A. Shibata, and H. Kanzawa (1999) Abrupt termination of the 1997–98 El Nino in response to a Madden-Julian Oscillation. Nature, 402, 279–282.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wahr, J. M. and A. H. Oort (1984) Friction and mountain torques and atmospheric fluxes. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 190–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, J. M., and C.-P. Chang (1969) Spectrum analysis of large-scale wave disturbances in the tropical lower troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 26, 1010–1025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, J. M. and V. E. Kousky (1968) Observational evidence of Kelvin waves in the tropical stratosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 25, 900–907.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, B. (1988) Dynamics of tropical low-frequency waves: An analysis of the moist Kelvin wave. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2051–2065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, B. and H. Rui (1990) Synoptic climatology of transient tropical intraseasonal convection anomalies. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 44, 43–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webster, P. J. (1987) The variable and interactive monsoons. In: J. S. Fein and P. L. Stephens (Eds.), Monsoons, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 632 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weickmann, K. M. and P. D. Sardeshmukh (1994) The atmospheric angular momentum cycle associated with the Madden-Julian Oscillation. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3194–3208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weickmann, K. M., G. R. Lussky, and J. E. Kutzbach (1985) Intraseasonal (30–60 day) fluctuations of outgoing longwave radiation and 250 mb stream function during northern winter. Mon. Wea. Rev., 113, 941–961.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheeler, M. C. and H. H. Hendon (2004) An all-season real-time multivariate MJO index: Development of an index for monitoring and prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1917–1932.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamagata, T. and Y. Hayashi (1984) A simple diagnostic model for the 30–50 day oscillation in the tropics. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 62, 709–717.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanai, M. and T. Maruyama (1966) Stratospheric wave disturbances propagating over the equatorial Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 44, 291–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yanai, M., T. Maruyama, T. Nitta, and Y. Hayashi (1968) Power spectra of large-scale disturbances over the tropical Pacific. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 46, 308–323.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yasunari, T. (1979) Cloudiness fluctuations associated with the Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Jap., 57, 227–242.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zangvil, A. (1975) Temporal and spatial behavior of large-scale disturbances in tropical cloudiness deduced from satellite brightness data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 103, 904–920.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA

    Dr. William K. M. Lau (Chief)

  2. Earth Science and Technology Directorate Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA

    Dr. Duane E. Waliser (Chief Scientist)

Authors
  1. Dr. William K. M. Lau
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Dr. Duane E. Waliser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Roland A. Madden
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Paul R. Julian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2012 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lau, W.K.M., Waliser, D.E., Madden, R.A., Julian, P.R. (2012). Historical perspective. In: Intraseasonal Variability in the Atmosphere-Ocean Climate System. Springer Praxis Books(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13914-7_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation