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The Biochemistry of Syringomyelia

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Syringomyelia

Abstract

This chapter introduces the subjects of fluid and tissue biochemistry, as relevant to syringomyelia. Syrinx fluid biochemistry is examined, initially by describing cerebrospinal fluid and then by discussing the syrinx contents. In addition, the chapter reviews chemical processes in the tissues around the syrinx, relating these to syrinx pathogenesis and to potential future treatments. This is tackled first from an anatomical approach, covering the biochemistry of the blood-CSF barrier, the central canal, ependyma, tanycytes, astrocytes, neurotransmitters, aquaporins and the arterial and venous circulation. The biochemistry of relevant pathological processes is then addressed, including the inflammatory response, ischaemia, cellular adenosine triphosphate, necrosis and apoptosis, oedema and histopathological changes.

With Marcus Stoodley

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Notes

  1. 1.

    An intermediate filament protein that is expressed in dividing neural cells and may have a role in the radial growth of axons. Nestin protein expression is used as a marker of neural stem cells.

  2. 2.

    Glial fibrillary acidic protein is an intermediate filament that is expressed by astrocytes and ependymal cells and thought to be part of the cell cytoskeleton. As well as structural support, GFAP has a role in mitosis, cell to cell communication and repair after CNS injury. Normal astrocytes have GFAP labelling, although this may alter after an insult (hypoxia, inflammation, injury, etc.).

  3. 3.

    Hypoxia-induced factor 1a is a transcription factor, one of a group of hypoxia-inducible factors that respond to a reduction in the available oxygen in the tissues. Hypoxia-inducible factors are known to mediate the cell response to hypoxia, including stopping differentiation and stimulating the formation of new blood vessels.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK

    Andrew Brodbelt

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  1. Andrew Brodbelt
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Correspondence to Andrew Brodbelt .

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  1. Department of Neurosurgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom

    Graham Flint

  2. Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom

    Clare Rusbridge

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© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

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Brodbelt, A. (2014). The Biochemistry of Syringomyelia. In: Flint, G., Rusbridge, C. (eds) Syringomyelia. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13706-8_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13706-8_17

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