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Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Larynx and Trachea

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Pediatric Airway Surgery

Abstract

This chapter does not attempt to provide a comprehensive description of laryngotracheal anatomy, which has already been given in other textbooks [5, 26, 29, 30, 57, 60]. Instead, it highlights the relevant anatomical features that are specific to surgical or endoscopic airway procedures for paediatric airway surgeons. This chapter also examines airway dimensions in relation to endotracheal tubes (ETT), tracheostomy cannulae, rigid bronchoscopes and stents used in these procedures.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Philippe Monnier

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  1. Philippe Monnier
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Correspondence to Philippe Monnier .

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  1. , Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery De, University Hospital CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne, 1011, Switzerland

    Philippe Monnier

Appendices

Appendix 1

Recommended uncuffed ET-tube sizes

Patient age

Tube size (Portex®)

 

ID (mm)

(OD mm)

Premature <1,000 g

2.0

2.9

Premature 1,000–2,000 g

2.5

3.6

Newborn to 6 months

3.0/3.5

4.4/5.0

6 months to 1 year

3.5/4.0

5.0/5.4

1–2 years

4.0/4.5

5.4/6.6

2 years and older

\( \frac{{Age}+16}{4} \)

Appendix 2

Recommended uncuffed and cuffed ET-tubes for children 2 years and older

Uncuffed ET-tube

\( \frac{{Age}+16}{4} \)

Cuffed ET-tube

\( \frac{{Age}}{4}+3 \)

Length of insertion

 

Oral (cm)

3 × ID (mm)

Nasal (cm)

3 × ID (mm) + 2

Appendix 3

Recommended tubes and scopes based on patient age

Patient age

Bronchoscope

Oesophagoscope

Tracheostomy tube ISO

ETT ID

 

size

OD (mm)

   

Premature

2.5

4.2

4

2.0/2.5

2.5

Term newborn

3.0

5.0

4–5

3.0/3.5

3.0/3.5

6–12 months

3.5

5.7

5–6

3.5/4.0

3.5/4.0

1–2 years

3.7

6.4

6

4.0

4.0/4.5

2–3 years

4.0

6.7

6–7

4.0/4.5

 

3–4 years

4.5

7.3

7

5.0

\( \frac{{Age}+16}{4} \)

4–5 years

5.0

7.8

8

5.0/5.5

 

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Monnier, P. (2011). Applied Surgical Anatomy of the Larynx and Trachea. In: Monnier, P. (eds) Pediatric Airway Surgery. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13535-4_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13535-4_2

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