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Plasmodesmata and Noncell Autonomous Signaling in Plants

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The Plant Plasma Membrane

Part of the book series: Plant Cell Monographs ((CELLMONO,volume 19))

Abstract

Plasmodesmata are fundamental intercellular communication channels in plants that are essential for coordination of physiological and developmental signaling processes across cellular boundaries. The fact that creation of these membranous structures is considered one of the most crucial factors in the evolution of higher plants clearly states their unparalleled significance in plant systems. Plasmodesmata are also unique in their structure, in that they establish an endomembrane as well as a cytoplasmic continuum throughout the whole plant body by forming cytoplasmic strands that are lined with plasma membrane externally and endoplasmic reticulum internally. These structures, when assembled during cytokinesis by entrapment of endoplasmic reticular strands in the expanding cell plate, are called primary plasmodesmata. It is remarkable that plant cells have acquired an additional mechanism to produce secondary plasmodesmata by de novo biosynthesis postcytokinetically across existing cell walls, which in essence is necessary to maintain or increase symplasmic connectivity between expanding cells. This process is thought to occur through cell wall loosening and membrane fusion followed by deposition of new cell wall materials around the nascent protoplasmic strands. Perhaps, it is one of the most fascinating discoveries in plant biology that plasmodesmata are highly dynamic channels with the capacity to dilate and facilitate macromolecular trafficking despite the physical constraint imposed by the surrounding cell wall. It is also this activity through which plasmodesmata can act as supracellular checkpoint over intercellular transfer of signaling or information molecules. Exciting future discoveries in plasmodesmal biology are expected to be made by uncovering the molecular composition, anatomy, and transport mechanism of this fascinating yet incredibly recalcitrant biological structure.

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Acknowledgments

We apologize to all our colleagues whose important work could not be cited in this review, or be cited indirectly through other references, due to space limitations. Special thanks go to Shannon Modla for producing micrographs of plasmodesmata. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (MCB 0445626 to J.-Y. L.) and National Institutes of Health COBRE (P20 RR15588 to J.-Y. L.).

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  1. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19711, USA

    Jung-Youn Lee, Sung Ki Cho & Ross Sager

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  1. Jung-Youn Lee
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  2. Sung Ki Cho
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  3. Ross Sager
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Correspondence to Jung-Youn Lee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Purdue University, Agriculture Mall Drive 625, West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana, USA

    Angus S. Murphy

  2. Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, Agriculture Mall Drive 625, West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana, USA

    Burkhard Schulz

  3. Department of Horticulture, Purdue University, Agriculture Mall Drive 625, West Lafayette, 47907, Indiana, USA

    Wendy Peer

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Lee, JY., Cho, S.K., Sager, R. (2011). Plasmodesmata and Noncell Autonomous Signaling in Plants. In: Murphy, A., Schulz, B., Peer, W. (eds) The Plant Plasma Membrane. Plant Cell Monographs, vol 19. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13431-9_4

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