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Depressive Störungen: Major Depression und Dysthymie

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Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie

Part of the book series: Springer-Lehrbuch ((SLB))

Zusammenfassung

Fast jeder Mensch erlebt hin und wieder vereinzelte depressive Symptomewie Traurigkeit, Niedergeschlagenheit oder Antriebslosigkeit, z. B. im Zusammenhang mit belastenden Ereignissen, Erkrankungen oder sozialen Stresssituationen. Von einer behandlungsbedürftigen depressiven Störungspricht man allerdings erst, wenn die Symptome eine bestimmte Zeitdauer, Persistenz und Intensität überschreiten. Als Kernmerkmale einer Major Depression, als häufigste Form depressiver Störungen, gelten über mindestens 2 Wochen andauernde, d. h. durchgängig bzw. an den meisten Tagen auftretende typische Symptome des depressiven Syndroms. Hierzu gehören eine niedergeschlagene, depressive oder traurige Stimmungslage sowie der Verlust an Freude und Interesse an nahezu allen Tätigkeiten und Aktivitäten, die der Person üblicherweise Freude bereiten. Gleichzeitig treten bei einer Major Depression eine kritische Anzahl (s. unten) weiterer, von Person zu Person variabler typischer Symptome auf, wie Appetit- und/oder Gewichtsverlust, Schlafstörungen, Energieverlust, Konzentrationsstörungen, Verlust des Selbstwertgefühls oder Selbstvertrauens, Suizidgedanken oder -handlungen. Treten mindestens 5 derartige Symptome durchgängig über mindestens 2 Wochen auf, sprechen wir von einer depressiven Episode oder einem depressiven Syndrom. Beim depressiven Syndrom und bei depressiven Störungen handelt es sich also nicht einfach um eine ausgeprägte Traurigkeit, sondern um Störungen des gesamten Organismus; sie sind durch ein typisches Cluster von Symptomen auf der emotionalen, kognitiven, physiologischen, motorischen, sozial-interaktiven und verhaltensbezogenen (behavioralen) Ebene charakterisiert (► Kasten »Gut zu wissen«).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, TU Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden

    Prof. Dr. K. Beesdo-Baum & Prof. Dr. H.-U. Wittchen

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  1. Prof. Dr. K. Beesdo-Baum
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  2. Prof. Dr. H.-U. Wittchen
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden

    Hans-Ulrich Wittchen

  2. Institut für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie Ambulanz und Tagesklinik, Technische Universität Dresden, Hohe Str. 53, 01187, Dresden

    Jürgen Hoyer

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Beesdo-Baum, K., Wittchen, HU. (2011). Depressive Störungen: Major Depression und Dysthymie. In: Wittchen, HU., Hoyer, J. (eds) Klinische Psychologie & Psychotherapie. Springer-Lehrbuch. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13018-2_40

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