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Rhodococcus Biosurfactants: Biosynthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications

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Biology of Rhodococcus

Part of the book series: Microbiology Monographs ((MICROMONO,volume 16))

Abstract

Members of the genus Rhodococcus produce biosurfactants in response to the presence of liquid hydrocarbons in the growth medium. These biosurfactants are predominantly cell-bound glycolipids containing trehalose as the carbohydrate. Physiological roles of these glycolipids are diverse and involve participation in the uptake of water-insoluble substrates, promotion of the cell adhesion to hydrophobic surfaces, and increased rhodococcal resistance to physicochemical influences. In terms of surfactant characteristics (e.g., surface and interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration, emulsifying activity), Rhodococcus biosurfactants compete favorably with other microbial and synthetic surfactants. Additionally, biological activities of trehalolipids from rhodococci were revealed, including immunomodulating and antitumor properties. Recently developed optimization procedures for their biosynthesis and recovery would broaden potential applications of Rhodococcus biosurfactants in new advanced technologies, such as environmental bioremediation, improved polymeric material construction, and biomedicine. The present chapter summarizes recent research on Rhodococcus biosurfactants, updating the comprehensive review of Lang and Philp (Antonie van Leeuwenhoek Int J Gen Mol Microbiol 74:59–70, 1998), and focuses on biosynthesis features, physicochemical and bioactive properties, and their application potential.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Ecology and Genetics of Microorganisms, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Perm, Russia

    Maria S. Kuyukina & Irena B. Ivshina

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  1. Maria S. Kuyukina
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  2. Irena B. Ivshina
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Correspondence to Maria S. Kuyukina .

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  1. Fac. Ciencias Naturales, Depto. Bioquimica, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia, San Juan Bosco, Comodoro Rivadavia, 9000, Chubut, Argentina

    Héctor M. Alvarez

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Kuyukina, M.S., Ivshina, I.B. (2010). Rhodococcus Biosurfactants: Biosynthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. In: Alvarez, H. (eds) Biology of Rhodococcus. Microbiology Monographs, vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12937-7_11

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