Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Environmental and Land Use Determinants of Stream Water Chemistry During Flood Events in Small Carpathian Foothill Catchments in Poland

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Carpathians: Integrating Nature and Society Towards Sustainability

Part of the book series: Environmental Science and Engineering ((ENVSCIENCE))

Abstract

The goal of the research was to determine which factors control changes in the chemical composition of stream water during floods of different types: storm floods, frontal precipitation floods, and snowmelt floods. Three catchments in the Carpathian Foothills of woodland, agricultural and of mixed land use were examined and the data were explored with R-mode factor analysis. Three factors driving changes in the chemical composition of stream water during floods of particular types were identified for each catchment. The first factor (hydrological) is related to the magnitude of flow, the second factor (meteorological) is linked with air temperature and soil temperature, and the third factor (circulation) is related to mechanisms of water transfer to stream channels (surface runoff, shallow throughflow). The fourth factor (anthropogenic), related to the dilution of highly polluted pre-event waters with less polluted event waters, was identified only for the anthropogenically altered, agricultural and mixed-use catchments.

Wojciech Chełmicki – deceased in October 2011

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abesser C, Robinson R, Soulsby C (2006) Iron and manganese cycling in the storm runoff of a Scottish upland catchment. J Hydrol 326:59–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazemore DE, Eshleman KN, Hollenback KJ (1994) The role of soil water in stormflow generation in a forested headwater catchment: synthesis of natural tracer and hydrometric evidence. J Hydrol 162:47–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bernal S, Butturini A, Sabater F (2002) Variability of DOC and nitrate responses to storms in a small Mediterranean forested catchment. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 6:1031–1041

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhangu I, Whitfield PH (1997) Seasonal and long-term variations in water quality of the Skeena River at Usk, British Columbia. Water Res 31:2187–2194

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown VA, McDonnell JJ, Burns DA, Kendall C (1999) The role of event water, a rapid shallow flow component, and catchment size in summer stormflow. J Hydrol 217:171–190

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caissie D, Pollock TL, Cunjak RA (1996) Variation in stream water chemistry and hydrograph separation in a small drainage basin. J Hydrol 178:137–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cameron EM (1996) Hydrogeochemistry of the Fraser River, British Columbia: seasonal variation in major and minor components. J Hydrol 182:206–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Chełmicki W (2005) Dynamika odpływu. In: Żelazny M (ed) Dynamika obiegu związków biogennych w wodach opadowych, powierzchniowych i podziemnych w zlewniach o różnym użytkowaniu na Pogórzu Wiśnickim. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis JC (1973) Statistics and data analysis in geology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Dragon K (2006) Application of factor analysis to study contamination of a semi-confined aquifer (Wielkopolska Buried Valley aquifer, Poland). J Hydrol 331:272–279

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Drever JI (1997) The geochemistry of natural water. Surface and groundwater environments. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards AMC (1973) The variation of dissolved constituents with discharge in some Norfolk Rivers. J Hydrol 18:219–242

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans C, Davies TD (1998) Causes of concentration/discharge hysteresis and its potential as a tool for analysis of episode hydrochemistry. Water Resour Res 34:129–137

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Evans CD, Davies TD, Wigington PJ Jr, Tranter M, Kretser WA (1996) Use of factor analysis to investigate processes controlling the chemical composition of four streams in the Adirondack Mountains, New York. J Hydrol 185:297–316

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foster IDL (1978) A multivariate model of storm-period solute behaviour. J Hydrol 39:339–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fucik P, Kvitek T, Lexa M, Novak P, Bilkova A (2008) Assessing the stream water quality in connection with land use in agricultural catchments of different scales. Soil Water Res 3:98–112

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hem JD (1985) Study and interpretation of the characteristics of natural water. US Geol Surv Water Supply Paper 2254:1–263

    Google Scholar 

  • Hinton MJ, Schiff SL, English MC (1994) Examining the contributions of glacial till water to storm runoff using two- and three-component hydrograph separations. Water Resour Res 30:983–993

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holloway JM, Dahlgren RA (2001) Seasonal and event-scale variations in solute chemistry for four Sierra Nevada catchments. J Hydrol 250:106–121

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jaszczyńska B (2005) Metodyka analiz chemicznych. In: Żelazny M (ed) Dynamika obiegu związków biogennych w wodach opadowych, powierzchniowych i podziemnych w zlewniach o różnym użytkowaniu na Pogórzu Wiśnickim. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson AH, Bouldin DR, Goyette EA, Hedges AM (1976) Phosphorus loss by stream transport from a rural watershed: quantities, processes, and sources. J Environ Qual 5:148–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kendall KA, Shanley JB, McDonnell JJ (1999) A hydrometric and geochemical approach to test the transmissivity feedback hypothesis during snowmelt. J Hydrol 219:188–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozak J, Estreguil C, Troll M (2007) Forest cover changes in the northern Carpathians in the 20th century: a slow transition. J Land Use Sci 2:127–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laudon H, Seibert J, Kohler S, Bishop K (2004) Hydrological flow paths during snowmelt: congruence between hydrometric measurements and oxygen 18 in meltwater, soil water, and runoff. Water Resour Res 40:W03102

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Driscoll CT, Buso DC, Siccama DF, Johnson CE, Lovett GM, Ryan DF, Fahey T, Reiners WA (1994) The biogeochemistry of potassium at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 25:61–125

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Love D, Hallbauer D, Amos A, Hranova R (2004) Factor analysis as a tool in groundwater quality management: two southern African case studies. Phys Chem Earth 29:1135–1143

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGlynn BL, McDonnell JJ, Shanley JB, Kendall C (1999) Riparian zone flowpath dynamics during snowmelt in a small headwater catchment. J Hydrol 222:75–92

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller WR, Drever JI (1977) Water chemistry of a stream following a storm, Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming. Geol Soc Am Bull 80:286–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olewicz ZR (1973) Tektonika jednostki bocheńskiej i brzegu jednostki śląskiej między Rabą a Uszwicą. Acta Geol Pol 23:701–761

    Google Scholar 

  • Panda UCh, Sundaray SK, Rath P, Nabak BB, Bhatta D (2006) Application of factor and cluster analysis for characterization of river and estuarine water systems—a case study: Mahanadi River (India). J Hydrol 331:434–445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Poor CJ, McDonnell JJ (2007) The effects of land use on stream nitrate dynamics. J Hydrol 332:54–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandén P, Karlsson S, Düker A, Ledin A, Lundman L (1997) Variations in hydrochemistry, trace metal concentration and transport during a rain storm event in a small catchment. J Geochem Explor 58:145–155

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shaw G, Wheeler D (1997) Statistical techniques in geographical analysis. David Fulton Publishers, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Siwek JP, Żelazny M, Chełmicki W (2008) Annual changes in the chemical composition of stream water in small catchments with different land-use (Carpathian Foothills, Poland). Soil Water Res 3:129–137

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Siwek JP, Żelazny M, Chełmicki W (2009) The influence of water circulation on stream water electrical conductivity in catchments with different land use during flood periods (The Carpathian Foothills, Poland). IHP-UNESCO Tech Doc in Hydrol 84:75–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Siwek JP, Żelazny M, Chełmicki W (2011) Influence of catchment characteristics and flood type on relationship between streamwater chemistry and streamflow: case study from Carpathian Foothills in Poland. Water Air Soil Pollut 214:547–563

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skiba S, Drewnik M, Klimek M, Szmuc R (1998) Soil cover in the marginal zone of the Carpathian Foothills between the Raba and Uszwica rivers. Pr Geogr 103:125–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Stålnacke P, Grimvall A, Libiseller C, Laznik M, Kokorite I (2003) Trends in nutrient concentrations in Latvian rivers and the response to the dramatic change in agriculture. J Hydrol 283:184–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stottlemyer R (2001) Processes regulating watershed chemical export during snowmelt, Fraser Experimental Forest, Colorado. J Hydrol 245:177–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Suzuki K (1995) Hydrochemical study of snow meltwater and snow cover, Biogeochemistry of seasonally snow-covered catchments. IAHS Publ 228:107–114

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Święchowicz J (2005) Zróżnicowanie i zmiany koncentracji zawiesiny. In: Żelazny M (ed) Dynamika obiegu związków biogennych w wodach opadowych, powierzchniowych i podziemnych w zlewniach o różnym użytkowaniu na Pogórzu Wiśnickim. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków

    Google Scholar 

  • Walling DE, Foster IDL (1975) Variations in the natural chemical concentration of river water during flood flows, and the lag effect: some further comments. J Hydrol 26:237–244

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Walling DE, Webb BW (1980) The spatial dimension in the interpretation of stream solute behaviour. J Hydrol 47:129–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyżga B (2008) A review on channel incision in the Polish Carpathian rivers during the 20th century. In: Habersack H, Piégay H, Rinaldi M (eds) Gravel-Bed Rivers VI—from process understanding to river restoration. Elsevier, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Żelazny M (ed) (2005) Cechy fizykochemiczne opadów atmosferycznych. Dynamika obiegu związków biogennych w wodach opadowych, powierzchniowych i podziemnych w zlewniach o różnym użytkowaniu na Pogórzu Wiśnickim. Instytut Geografii i Gospodarki Przestrzennej Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The research project was funded by the Polish Committee for Scientific Research (Project 3 P04G 050 22).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geography and Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland

    Joanna P. Siwek, Mirosław Żelazny & Wojciech Chełmicki

  2. Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, University of Physical Education, Jana Pawła II 78, 31-571, Kraków, Poland

    Joanna P. Siwek

Authors
  1. Joanna P. Siwek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mirosław Żelazny
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Wojciech Chełmicki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joanna P. Siwek .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Inst. Geography & Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University Inst. Geography & Spatial Management, Krakow, Poland

    Jacek Kozak

  2. Inst. Geography & Spatial Management, Jagiellonian University Inst. Geography & Spatial Management, Krakow, Poland

    Katarzyna Ostapowicz

  3. Forest Fire Laboratory, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, USA

    Andrzej Bytnerowicz

  4. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Nature Conservation, Krakow, Poland

    Bartłomiej Wyżga

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Siwek, J.P., Żelazny, M., Chełmicki, W. (2013). Environmental and Land Use Determinants of Stream Water Chemistry During Flood Events in Small Carpathian Foothill Catchments in Poland. In: Kozak, J., Ostapowicz, K., Bytnerowicz, A., Wyżga, B. (eds) The Carpathians: Integrating Nature and Society Towards Sustainability. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12725-0_12

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation