Abstract
This chapter presents a (partial) review of the information we can derive on the early history of the Solar System from radioactive nuclei of very different half-life, which were recognized to have been present alive in pristine solids. In fact, radioactivities open for us a unique window on the evolution of the solar nebula and provide tools for understanding the crucial events that determined and accompanied the formation of the Sun. Discussing these topics will require consideration of (at least) the following issues. (i) The determination of an age for solar system bodies, as it emerged especially from the application of radioactive dating. (ii) A synthetic account of the measurements that proved the presence of radioactive nuclei (especially those of half-life lower than about 100 Million years) in the Early Solar System (hereafter ESS). (iii) An explanation of their existence in terms of galactic nucleosynthesis, and/or of local processes (either exotic or in-situ) preceding and accompanying the formation of the Sun. This will also need some reference to the present scenarios for star formation, as applied to the ESS.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
One might however remember the old joke on the interpretation of experimental results, saying that: “agreement within a factor of ten” actually means “disagreement”.
Referneces
Adams, F.C., Laughlin, G.: Constraints on the birth aggregate of the solar system. Icarus 150, 151–162 (2001)
Allègre, C.J., Manhès, G., Göpel, C.: The age of the earth. GeoChim. Cosmochim. Acta 59, 2445–1456 (1995)
Amelin, Y., Ghosh, A., Rotenberg, E.: Unraveling the evolution of chondrite parent asteroids by precise U-Pb dating and thermal modeling. GeoChim. Cosmochim. Acta 69, 505–518 (2005). doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.047
Anderson, F.S., Whitaker, T.J., Young, D., Peterson, B.: Rb-Sr dating using LDRIMS. In: Chronology of Meteorites and the Early Solar System, Kauai, Hawaii, pp. 22–23 (2007)
Andrews, A.D., Rodono, M., Linsky, J.L., Brown, A., Butler, C.J., Catalano, S., Scaltriti, F., Busso, M., Nha, I., Oh, J.Y., Henry, M.C.D., Hopkins, J.L., Landis, H.J., Engelbrektson, S.: Rotational modulation and flares on RS CVn and BY DRA stars. A&A 204, 177–192 (1988)
Arnould, M., Prantzos, N.: Cosmic radioactivities. New Astron. 4, 283–301 (1999). doi: 10.1016/ S1384-1076(99)00016-0, arXiv:astro-ph/9907275
Baker, R.G.A., Schönbächler, M., Rehkämper, M., Williams, H.M., Halliday, A.N.: Earth & Planet. Sci. Lett. 291, 39–47 (2010)
Birck, J., Allègre, C.J.: Evidence for the presence of Mn-53 in the early solar system. Geophs. Res. Lett. 12, 745–748 (1985). doi: 10.1029/GL012i011p00745
Birck, J., Allègre, C.J.: Manganese-chromium isotope systematics and the development of the early solar system. Nature 331, 579–584 (1988). doi: 10.1038/331579a0
Bizzarro, M., Ulfbeck, D., Trinquier, A., Thrane, K., Connelly, J.N., Meyer, B.S.: Evidence for a Late Supernova Injection of 60Fe into the Protoplanetary Disk. Science 316, 1178–1181 (2007). doi: 10.1126/science.1141040
Boss, A.P.: The Solar Nebula, p. 63. Elsevier, B., Oxford (2005)
Brennecka, G.A.: A complication in determining the precise age of the solar system. In: Planetary Science Research Discoveries (on-line publication): http://www.psrd.hawaii.edu. Tech. rep. (2010)
Brennecka, G.A., Weyer, S., Wadhwa, M., Janney, P.E., Zipfel, J., Anbar, A.D.: 238U/235U variations in meteorites: extant 247Cm and implications for Pb-Pb dating. Science 327, 449–451 (2010). doi: 10.1126/science.1180871
Brownlee, D., Tsou, P., Aléon, J., Alexander, C.M.O’D. Araki, T., et al.: Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope. Science 314, 1711 (2006). doi: 10.1126/science.1135840
Busso, M., Gallino, R.: The production of neutron-rich isotopes during He burning in massive stars. A&A 151, 205–214 (1985)
Busso, M., Gallino, R., Wasserburg, G.J.: Nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars: relevance for galactic enrichment and solar system formation. ARA&A 37, 239–309 (1999). doi: 10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.239
Busso, M., Gallino, R., Wasserburg, G.J.: Short-lived nuclei in the early solar system: a low mass stellar source? Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. 20, 356–370 (2003). doi: 10.1071/AS03035
Busso, M., Guandalini, R., Persi, P., Corcione, L., Ferrari-Toniolo, M.: Mid-infrared photometry of mass-losing asymptotic giant branch stars. AJ 133, 2310–2319 (2007a). doi 10.1086/512612, arXiv:astro-ph/0701501
Busso, M., Wasserburg, G.J., Nollett, K.M., Calandra, A.: Can extra mixing in RGB and AGB stars be attributed to magnetic mechanisms? ApJ 671, 802–810 (2007b). doi: 10.1086/522616, 0708.2949
Cameron, A.G.W.: New neutron sources of possible astrophysical importance. AJ 65, 485 (1960). doi: 10.1086/108085
Cameron, A.G.W.: Nucleosynthesis and star formation. In: Levy, E.H., Lunine, J.I. (eds.) Protostars and Planets III, pp. 47–73. Arizona: University of Arizona Press (1993)
Cameron, A.G.W., Hoeflich, P., Myers, P.C., Clayton, D.D.: Massive supernovae, orion gamma rays, and the formation of the solar system. ApJ 447, L53 (1995). doi: 10.1086/309554
Cameron, A.G.W., Truran, J.W.: The supernova trigger for formation of the solar system. Icarus 30, 447–461 (1977). doi: 10.1016/0019-1035(77)90101-4
Chaussidon et al.: EGS - AGU - EUG Joint Assembly, Abstracts from the meeting held in Nice, France, 6–11 April 2003, abstract #9292 (Publication Date:04/200)
Chaussidon, M., Robert, F., Russel, S.S., Gounelle, M., Ash, R.D.: B and Mg isotopic variations in Leoville mrs-06 type B1 cai:origin of 10Be and 26Al. In: EGS – AGU – EUG Joint Assembly, p. 9292 (2003)
Chen, J.H., Wasserburg, G.J.: Precise isotopic analysis of uranium in picomole and subpicomole quantities. Anal. Chem. 53, 2060–2067 (1981a). doi: 10.1021/ac00236a027
Chen, J.H., Wasserburg, G.J.: The isotopic composition of uranium and lead in Allende inclusions and meteoritic phosphates. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 52, 1–15 (1981b). doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(81)90202-8
Chen, J.H., Wasserburg, G.J.: A search for evidence of extinct lead 205 in iron meteorites. In: Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 18, p. 165 (1987)
Chieffi, A., Limongi, M.: Explosive yields of massive stars from Z = 0 to Z = Zsolar. ApJ 608, 405–410 (2004). doi: 10.1086/392523, arXiv:astro-ph/0402625
Chupp, E.L., Forrest, D.J., Higbie, P.R., Suri, A.N., Tsai, C., Dunphy, P.P.: Solar gamma ray lines observed during the solar activity of August 2 to August 11, 1972. Nature 241, 333–335 (1973). doi: 10.1038/241333a0
Clayton, D.D.: Nuclear cosmochronology within analytic models of the chemical evolution of the solar neighbourhood. MNRAS 234, 1–36 (1988)
Clayton, R.N.: Oxygen isotopic composition of the Luna 20 soil. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 37, 811–813 (1973). doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(73)90177-4
Clayton, D.D., Nittler, L.R.: Astrophysics with presolar stardust. ARA&A 42, 39–78 (2004). doi: 10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134022
Cowley, C.R.: An Introduction to Cosmochemistry. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)
Dalrymple, G.B.: The Age of the Earth. Stanford University Press, Stanford (1991)
Dauphas, N., Cook, D.L., Sacarabany, A., Fröhlich, C., Davis, A.M., Wadhwa, M., Pourmand, A., Rauscher, T., Gallino, R.: 60Fe in the cosmic blender. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta (Suppl.) 72, 200 (2008a)
Dauphas, N., Cook, D.L., Sacarabany, A., Fröhlich, C., Davis, A.M., Wadhwa, M., Pourmand, A., Rauscher, T., Gallino, R.: Iron 60 evidence for early injection and efficient mixing of stellar debris in the protosolar nebula. ApJ 686, 560–569 (2008b). doi: 10.1086/589959, 0805.2607
Denissenkov, P.A., Pinsonneault, M., MacGregor, K.B.: Magneto-thermohaline mixing in red giants. ApJ 696, 1823–1833 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1823, 0806.4346
D’Orazi, V., Magrini, L., Randich, S., Galli, D., Busso, M., Sestito, P.: Enhanced production of barium in low-mass stars: evidence from open clusters. ApJ 693, L31–L34 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/693/1/L31, 0901.2743
Duprat, J., Tatischeff, V.: On non-thermal nucleosynthesis of Short-Lived Radionuclei in the early solar system. New Astron. Rev. 52, 463–466 (2008). doi: 10.1016/j.newar.2008.06.016
Eggleton, P.P., Dearborn, D.S.P., Lattanzio, J.C.: Deep mixing of 3He: reconciling big bang and stellar nucleosynthesis. Science 314, 1580–1583 (2006). doi: 10.1126/science.1133065, arXiv:astroph/0611039
Eggleton, P.P., Dearborn, D.S.P., Lattanzio, J.C.: Compulsory deep mixing of 3He and CNO isotopes in the envelopes of low-mass red giants. ApJ 677, 581–592 (2008). doi: 10.1086/ 529024
Evans, N.J., II: Physical conditions in regions of star formation. ARA&A 37, 311–362 (1999). doi: 10.1146/annurev.astro.37.1.311, arXiv:astro-ph/9905050
Farouqi, K., Kratz, K., Mashonkina, L.I., Pfeiffer, B., Thielemann, F.: News from r-process nucleosynthesis: consequences from the ESS to early stars. In: Guandalini, R., Palmerini, S., Busso, M. (eds.) Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in AGB Stars. American Institute of Physics Conference Series (New York: A.I.P.), vol. 1001, pp. 245–253 (2008). doi: 10.1063/1.2916971
Farouqi, K., Kratz, K., Pfeiffer, B., Rauscher, T., Thielemann, F.: Neutron captures and the r-process. In: Woehr, A., Aprahamian, A. (eds.) Capture Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Related Topics. American Institute of Physics Conference Series (New York: A.I.P.), vol. 819, pp. 419–422 (2006). doi: 10.1063/1.2187894
Fitoussi, C., Duprat, J., Tatischeff, V., Kiener, J., Naulin, F., Raisbeck, G., Assunção, M., Bourgeois, C., Chabot, M., Coc, A., Engrand, C., Gounelle, M., Hammache, F., Lefebvre, A., Porquet, M., Scarpaci, J., de Séréville, N., Thibaud, J., Yiou, F.: Measurement of the 24 Mg(3He,p)26Al cross section: Implication for Al26 production in the early solar system. Phys. Rev. C 78(4), 044613 (2008). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.044613
Gaidos, E., Krot, A.N., Huss, G.R.: On the oxygen isotopic composition of the solar system. ApJ 705, L163–L167 (2009a). doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/705/2/L163, 0909.3589
Gaidos, E., Krot, A.N., Williams, J.P., Raymond, S.N.: 26Al and the formation of the solar system from a molecular cloud contaminated by Wolf-Rayet winds. ApJ 696, 1854–1863 (2009b). doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1854, 0901.3364
Gallino, R., Arlandini, C., Busso, M., Lugaro, M., Travaglio, C., Straniero, O., Chieffi, A., Limongi, M.: Evolution and nucleosynthesis in low-mass asymptotic giant branch stars. II. Neutron capture and the s-process. ApJ 497, 388 (1998). doi: 10.1086/305437
García-Hernández, D.A., García-Lario, P., Plez, B., Manchado, A., D’Antona, F., Lub, J., Habing, H.: Lithium and zirconium abundances in massive Galactic O-rich AGB stars. A&A 462, 711–730 (2007). doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20065785, arXiv:astro-ph/0609106
Goebel, R., Begemann, F., Ott, U.: On neutron-induced and other noble gases in Allende inclusions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 46, 1777–1792 (1982). doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(82)90117-X
Goswami, J.N., Marhas, K.K., Chaussidon, M., Gounelle, M., Meyer, B.S.: Origin of short-lived radionuclides in the early solar system. In: Krot, A.N., Scott, E.R.D., Reipurth, B. (ed.) Chondrites and the protoplanetary disk. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series (San Francisco: ASPC), vol. 341, p. 485 (2005)
Gounelle, M., Meibom, A.: The origin of 60Fe and other short-lived radionuclides in the early solar system. In: Montmerle, T., Ehrenreich, D., Lagrange, A.-M. (eds.) EAS Publications Series, EAS Publications Series (Les Ulis: EDP Science Pub.), vol. 41, pp. 301–311 (2010). doi: 10.1051/eas/1041021
Gounelle, M., Meibom, A., Hennebelle, P., Inutsuka, S.: Supernova propagation and cloud enrichment: a new model for the origin of 60Fe in the early solar system. ApJ 694, L1–L5 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/694/1/L1, 0904.1661
Gounelle, M., Shang, S., Glassgold, A.E., Shu, F.H., Rehm, E.K., Lee, T.: Early solar system irradiation and beryllium-7 synthesis. In: Mackwell, S., Stansbery, E. (eds.) Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts, Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 34, p. 1833 (2003).
Gounelle, M., Shu, F.H., Shang, H., Glassgold, A.E., Rehm, K.E., Lee, T.: Extinct radioactivities and protosolar cosmic rays: self-shielding and light elements. ApJ 548, 1051–1070 (2001). doi: 10.1086/319019
Gounelle, M., Shu, F.H., Shang, H., Glassgold, A.E., Rehm, K.E., Lee, T.: The irradiation origin of beryllium radioisotopes and other short-lived radionuclides. ApJ 640, 1163–1170 (2006). doi: 10.1086/500309, arXiv:astro-ph/0512517
Guandalini, R., Busso, M.: Infrared photometry and evolution of mass-losing AGB stars. II. Luminosity and colors of MS and S stars. A&A 488, 675–684 (2008). doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:200809932, 0806.4591
Guandalini, R., Busso, M., Ciprini, S., Silvestro, G., Persi, P.: Infrared photometry and evolution of mass-losing AGB stars. I. Carbon stars revisited. A&A 445, 1069–1080 (2006). doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20053208, arXiv:astro-ph/0509739
Guandalini, R., Palmerini, S., Busso, M., Uttenthaler, S.: Extra-mixing in luminous cool red giants: hints from evolved stars with and without Li. Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. 26, 168–175 (2009). doi: 10.1071/AS08063, 0905.4458
Harper, C.L., Jacobsen, S.B.: Evidence for 182Hf in the early Solar System and constraints on the timescale of terrestrial accretion and core formation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 1131–1153 (1996). doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00027-0
Hartmann, L., Kenyon, S.J.: The FU orionis phenomenon. ARA&A 34, 207–240 (1996). doi: 10.1146/annurev.astro.34.1.207
Hester, J.J., Desch, S.J.: Understanding our origins: star formation in hii region environments. In: Krot, A.N., Scott, E.R.D., Reipurth, B. (eds.) Chondrites and the Protoplanetary Disk. Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series (San Francisco: ASPC), vol. 341, p. 107 (2005)
Hsu, W., Guan, Y., Leshin, L.A., Ushikubo, T., Wasserburg, G.J.: A late episode of irradiation in the early solar system: evidence from extinct 36Cl and 26Al in meteorites. ApJ 640, 525–529 (2006). doi: 10.1086/500043
Huss, G.R., Goswami, J.N., Meyer, B.S., Sahijpal, S., Wasserburg, G.J.: Stellar sources of shortlived radionuclides. In: Chronology of Meteorites and the Early Solar System (Houston: LPI), pp. 71–72 (2007)
Huss, G.R., Meyer, B.S., Srinivasan, G., Goswami, J.N., Sahijpal, S.: Stellar sources of the shortlived radionuclides in the early solar system. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 73, 4922–4945 (2009)
Hutcheon, I.D., Krot, A.N., Keil, K., Phinney, D.L., Scott ERD 53Mn-53Cr dating of fayalite formation in the CV3 chondrite mokoia: evidence for asteroidal alteration. Science 282, 1865 (1998). doi: 10.1126/science.282.5395.1865
Jacobsen, B., Matzel, J.E.P., Hutcheon, I.D., Ramon, E., Krot, A.N., Ishii, H.A., Nagashima, K., Yin, Q.: The 36Cl-36S systematics of wadalite from the Allende meteorite. In: Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 40, p. 2553 (2009)
Jeffery, P.M., Reynolds, J.H.: Origin of excess Xe129 in stone meteorites. J. Geoph. Res. 66, 3582–3583 (1961). doi: 10.1029/JZ066i010p03582
Joggerst, C.C., Woosley, S.E., Heger, A.: Mixing in zero- and solar-metallicity supernovae. ApJ 693, 1780–1802 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/693/2/1780, 0810.5142
Kastner, J.H., Myers, P.C.: An observational estimate of the probability of encounters between mass-losing evolved stars and molecular clouds. ApJ 421, 605–615 (1994). doi: 10.1086/173676
Kelley, W.R., Wasserburg, G.J.: Evidence for the existence of Pd-107 in the early solar system. Geophys. Res. Lett. 5, 1079–1082 (1978). doi: 10.1029/GL005i012p01079
Kothes, R., Uyaniker, B., Pineault, S.: The Supernova Remnant G106.3+2.7 and its Pulsar-Wind Nebula: relics of triggered star formation in a complex environment. ApJ 560, 236–243 (2001). doi: 10.1086/322511, arXiv:astro-ph/0106270
Kozlovsky, B., Murphy, R.J., Ramaty, R.: Nuclear deexcitation gamma-ray lines from accelerated particle interactions. ApJS 141, 523–541 (2002). doi: 10.1086/340545
Kratz, K., Farouqi, K., Mashonkina, L.I., Pfeiffer, B.: Nucleosynthesis modes in the high-entropy-wind of type II supernovae. New Astron. Rev. 52, 390–395 (2008). doi: 10.1016/ j.newar.2008.06.015
Kratz, K., Farouqi, K., Pfeiffer, B., Truran, J.W., Sneden, C., Cowan, J.J.: Explorations of the r-processes: comparisons between calculations and observations of low-metallicity stars. ApJ 662, 39–52 (2007). doi: 10.1086/517495, arXiv:astro-ph/0703091
Kratz, K., Pfeiffer, B., Cowan, J.J., Sneden, C.: r-process chronometers. New Astron. Rev. 48, 105–108 (2004). doi: 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.014
Kuroda, T., Wanajo, S., Nomoto, K.: The r-process in supersonic neutrino-driven winds: the role of the wind termination shock. ApJ 672, 1068–1078 (2008). doi: 10.1086/523795
Lada, C.J., Lada, E.A.: Embedded clusters in molecular clouds. ARA&A 41, 57–115 (2003). doi: 10.1146/annurev.astro.41.011802.094844, arXiv:astro-ph/0301540
Langer, N., El Eid, M.F., Baraffe, I.: Blue supergiant supernova progenitors. A&A 224, L17–L20 (1989)
Lee, D., Halliday, A.N.: Hafnium-tungsten chronometry and the timing of terrestrial core formation. Nature 378, 771–774 (1995). doi: 10.1038/378771a0
Lee, D., Halliday, A.N.: Hf-W isotopic evidence for rapid accretion and differentiation in the early solar system. Science 274, 1876–1879 (1996). doi: 10.1126/science.274.5294.1876
Lee, T., Papanastassiou, D.A., Wasserburg, G.J.: Demonstration of 26 Mg excess in Allende and evidence for 26Al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 3, 109–109 (1976). doi: 10.1029/GL003i002p00109
Lee, T., Papanastassiou, D.A., Wasserburg, G.J.: Aluminum-26 in the early solar system - Fossil or fuel. ApJ 211, L107–L110 (1977). doi: 10.1086/182351
Lee, T., Shu, F.H., Shang, H., Glassgold, A.E., Rehm, K.E.: Protostellar cosmic rays and extinct radioactivities in meteorites. ApJ 506, 898–912 (1998). doi: 10.1086/306284
Leshin, L.A., Guan, Y., Lin, Y.: Implications of meteoritic 36Cl abundance for the origin of short-lived radionuclides in the early solar system. In: Krot, A., Scott, E., Keil, K., Reipurth, B. (eds.) Workshop on chondrites and the protoplanetary disk (Houston: LPI), p. 9084 (2004)
Limongi, M., Chieffi, A.: Evolution, explosion, and nucleosynthesis of core-collapse supernovae. ApJ 592, 404–433 (2003). doi: 10.1086/375703, arXiv:astro-ph/0304185
Limongi, M., Chieffi, A.: The nucleosynthesis of 26Al and 60Fe in Solar metallicity stars extending in mass from 11 to 120 Msolar: the hydrostatic and explosive contributions. ApJ 647, 483–500 (2006). doi: 10.1086/505164, arXiv:astro-ph/0604297
Lin, R.P., Krucker, S., Hurford, G.J., Smith, D.M., Hudson, H.S., Holman, G.D., Schwartz, R.A., Dennis, B.R., Share, G.H., Murphy, R.J., Emslie, A.G., Johns-Krull, C., Vilmer, N.: RHESSI observations of particle acceleration and energy release in an intense solar gamma-ray line flare. ApJ 595, L69–L76 (2003). doi: 10.1086/378932
Lin, Y., Guan, Y., Leshin, L.A., Ouyang, Z., Wang, D.: Evidence for live 36Cl in Ca-Al-rich inclusions from the Ningqiang Carbonaceous Chondrite. In: Mackwell, S., Stansbery, E. (eds.) Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 35, p. 2084 (2004)
Liu, M., Iizuka, Y., McKeegan, K.D., Tonui, E.K., Young, E.D.: Supra-canonical 26Al/27Al ratios in an unaltered allende CAI. In: Mackwell, S., Stansbery, E. (eds.) Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 36, p. 2079 (2005)
Lugmair, G.W., Marti, K.: Sm-Nd-Pu timepieces in the Angra DOS Reis meteorite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 35, 273–284 (1977). doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(77)90131-5
Lugmair, G.W., MacIsaac, C., Shukolyukov, A.: The 53Mn-53Cr isotope system and early planetary evolution. In: Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 23, p. 823 (1992)
Lugmair, G.W., Shukolyukov, A.: Early solar system timescales according to 53Mn-53Cr systematics. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 62, 2863–2886 (1998). doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(98) 00189-6
MacPherson, G.J., Huss, G.R., Davis, A.M.: Extinct ∧1∧0Be in Type A calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions from CV chondrites. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 67, 3165–3179 (2003). doi: 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01298-X
Matzel, J.E.P., Jacobsen, B., Hutcheon, I.D., Krot, A.N., Nagashima, K., Yin, Q., Ramon, E., Weber, P.K., Wasserburg, G.J.: Distribution and origin of 36Cl in Allende CAIs. In: Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 41, p. 2631 (2010)
Mauersberger, K., Erbacher, B., Krankowsky, D., Gunther, J., Nickel, R.: Ozone isotope enrichment: isotopomer-specific rate coefficients. Science 283, 370 (1999). doi: 10.1126/science.283.5400.370
McKeegan, K.D., Chaussidon, M., Robert, F.: Incorporation of short-lived 10Be in a calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion from the Allende meteorite. Science 289, 1334–1337 (2000). doi: 10.1126/science.289.5483.1334
McKeegan, K.D., Davis, A.M.: Early Solar System Chronology, p. 431. Elsevier, B., Amsterdam (2005)
Meyer, B.S.: Synthesis of short-lived radioactivities in a massive star. In: Krot, A.N., Scott, E.R.D., Reipurth, B. (eds.) Chondrites and the Protoplanetary Disk, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series (San Francisco: ASPC), vol. 341, p. 515 (2005)
Meyer, B.S., Adams, D.C.: Neutron burst production of 60Fe necessarily implies production of 182Hf. In: Mackwell, S., Stansbery, E. (eds.) Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 37, p. 1403 (2006)
Meyer, B.S., Clayton, D.D.: Short-lived Radioactivities and the birth of the sun. Space Sci. Rev. 92, 133–152 (2000). doi: 10.1023/A:1005282825778
Mostefaoui, S., Lugmair, G.W., Hoppe, P., El Goresy, A.: Evidence for live iron-60 in Semarkona and Chervony Kut: a NanoSIMS study. In: Mackwell, S., Stansbery, E. (eds.) Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 34, p. 1585 (2003)
Mostefaoui, S., Lugmair, G.W., Hoppe, P., El Goresy, A.: Evidence for live 60Fe in meteorites. New Astron. Rev. 48, 155–159 (2004). doi: 10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.022
Murty, S.V.S., Goswami, J.N., Shukolyukov, Y.A.: Excess 36Ar in the Efremovka meteorite: a strong hint for the presence of 36Cl in the early solar system. ApJ 475, L65-L68 (1997). doi: 10.1086/310449
Nielsen, S.G., Rehkämper, M., Halliday, A.N.: Large thallium isotopic variations in iron meteorites and evidence for lead-205 in the early solar system. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 70, 2643–2657 (2006). doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.012
Nollett, K.M., Busso, M., Wasserburg, G.J.: Cool bottom processes on the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch and the isotopic composition of circumstellar dust grains. ApJ 582, 1036–1058 (2003). doi: 10.1086/344817, arXiv:astro-ph/0211271
Nomoto, K., Tominaga, N., Umeda, H., Kobayashi, C., Maeda, K.: Nucleosynthesis yields of core-collapse supernovae and hypernovae, and galactic chemical evolution. Nucl. Phys. A 777, 424–458 (2006). doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2006.05.008, arXiv:astro-ph/0605725
Nordhaus, J., Busso, M., Wasserburg, G.J., Blackman, E.G., Palmerini, S.: Magnetic mixing in red giant and asymptotic giant branch stars. ApJ 684, L29–L32 (2008). doi: 10.1086/591963, 0806.3933
Nugis, T., Lamers, H.J.G.L.M. Mass-loss rates of Wolf-Rayet stars as a function of stellar parameters. A&A 360, 227–244 (2000)
Ouellette, N., Desch, S.J., Hester, J.J., Leshin, L.A.: A Nearby supernova injected short-lived radionuclides into our protoplanetary disk. In: Krot, A.N., Scott, E.R.D., Reipurth, B. (eds.) Chondrites and the Protoplanetary Disk, Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series (San Francisco: ASPC), vol. 341, p. 527 (2005)
Ouellette, N., Desch, S.J., Hester, J.J.: Interaction of supernova ejecta with nearby protoplanetary disks. ApJ 662, 1268–1281 (2007). doi: 10.1086/518102, 0704.1652
Pagel, B.E.J.: Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution of Galaxies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (1997)
Palla, F., Stahler, S.W.: Accelerating star formation in clusters and associations. ApJ 540, 255–270 (2000). doi: 10.1086/309312
Palmerini, S., Busso, M.: 26Al production from magnetically induced extramixing in AGB stars. New Astron. Rev. 52, 412–415 (2008). doi: 10.1016/j.newar.2008.05.003, 0806.2733
Palmerini, S., Busso, M., Maiorca, E., Guandalini, R.: Nucleosynthesis of light-element isotopes in evolved stars experiencing extended mixing. Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust. 26, 161–167 (2009). doi: 10.1071/AS08040, 0905.4365
Podosek, F.A., Lewis, R.S.: 129I and 244Pu abundances in white inclusions of the Allende meteorite. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 15, 101 (1972). doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(72) 90048-9
Podosek, F.A., Nichols, R.H.: Short-lived radionuclides in the solar nebula. In: Bernatowicz, T.J., Zinner, E. (eds.) American Institute of Physics Conference Series (San Francisco: ASPC), vol. 402, pp. 617–647 (1997). doi: 10.1063/1.53321
Preibisch, T., Zinnecker, H.: The history of low-mass star formation in the Upper Scorpius OB Association. AJ 117, 2381–2397 (1999). doi: 10.1086/300842
Qian, Y., Vogel, P., Wasserburg, G.J.: Supernovae as the site of the r-process: implications for gamma-ray astronomy. ApJ 506, 868–873 (1998). doi: 10.1086/306285, arXiv:astro-ph/9803300
Qian, Y., Wasserburg, G.J.: Where, oh where has the r-process gone? Phys. Rep. 442, 237–268 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2007.02.006, 0708.1767
Qian, Y., Wasserburg, G.J.: Abundances of Sr, Y, and Zr in metal-poor stars and implications for chemical evolution in the early galaxy. ApJ 687, 272–286 (2008). doi: 10.1086/591545, 0807.0809
Ramaty, R., Mandzhavidze, N.: Gamma-rays from Solar Flares. In: Martens, P.C.H., Tsuruta, S., Weber, M.A. (ed.) Highly Energetic Physical Processes and Mechanisms for Emission from Astrophysical Plasmas, IAU Symposium, vol. 195, (San Francisco: ASPC) p. 123 (2000)
Rauscher, T., Heger, A., Hoffman, R.D., Woosley, S.E.: Nucleosynthesis in massive stars with improved nuclear and stellar physics. ApJ 576, 323–348 (2002). doi: 10.1086/341728, arXiv:astroph/0112478
Reynolds, J.H.: Isotopic composition of primordial xenon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 4, 351–354 (1960). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.4.351
Rowe, M.W., Kuroda, P.K.: Fissiogenic xenon from the pasamonte meteorite. J. Geoph. Res. 70, 709–714 (1965). doi: 10.1029/JZ070i003p00709
Rugel, G., Faestermann, T., Knie, K., Korschinek, G., Poutivtsev, M., Schumann, D., Kivel, N., Günther-Leopold, I., Weinreich, R., Wohlmuther, M.: New measurement of the Fe60 half-life. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(7), 072502 (2009). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.072502
Rutherford, E.: Origin of actinium and age of the earth. Nature 123, 313–314 (1929)
Sahijpal, S., Goswami, J.N., Davis, A.M., Lewis, R.S., Grossman, L.: A stellar origin for the shortlived nuclides in the early solar system. Nature 391, 559 (1998). doi: 10.1038/35325
Scheffler, H., Elsaesser, H.: Physics of the Galaxy and Interstellar Matter. Springer: Berlin (1987)
Schramm, D.N., Tera, F., Wasserburg, G.J.: The isotopic abundance of 26Mg and limits on 26Al in the early Solar System. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 10, 44–59 (1970). doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(70)90063-4
Schramm, D.N., Wasserburg, G.J.: Nucleochronologies and the mean age of the elements. ApJ 162, 57 (1970). doi: 10.1086/150634
Share, G.H., Murphy, R.J.: Gamma-ray measurements of flare-to-flare variations in ambient solar abundances. ApJ 452, 933 (1995). doi: 10.1086/176360
Share, G.H., Murphy, R.J., Ryan, J.: Solar and stellar Gamma Ray observations with COMPTON. In: Dermer, C.D., Strickman, M.S., Kurfess, J.D. (eds.) Proceedings of the Fourth Compton Symposium, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 410, (San Francisco: ASPC) pp. 17–36 (1997). doi: 10.1063/1.54117
Shu, F.H., Adams, F.C., Lizano, S.: Star formation in molecular clouds – Observation and theory. ARA&A 25, 23–81 (1987a). doi: 10.1146/annurev.aa.25.090187.000323
Shu, F.H., Lizano, S., Adams, F.C.: Star formation in molecular cloud cores. In: Peimbert, M., Jugaku, J. (eds.) Star Forming Regions, IAU Symposium, vol. 115, (Dordrecht: Reidel) pp. 417–433 (1987b)
Shu, F.H., Shang, H., Glassgold, A.E., Lee, T.: X-rays and fluctuating X-winds from protostars. Science 277, 1475–1479 (1997). doi: 10.1126/science.277.5331.1475
Shu, F.H., Shang, H., Gounelle, M., Glassgold, A.E., Lee, T.: The origin of chondrules and refractory inclusions in Chondritic meteorites. ApJ 548, 1029–1050 (2001). doi: 10.1086/319018
Shukolyukov, A., Lugmair, G.W.: Fe-60 in eucrites. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 119, 159–166 (1993a). doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(93)90013-Y
Shukolyukov, A., Lugmair, G.W.: Live Iron-60 in the early solar system. Science 259, 1138–1142 (1993b). doi: 10.1126/science.259.5098.1138
Smith, N., Brooks, K.J.: A census of the Carina Nebula – II. Energy budget and global properties of the nebulosity. MNRAS 379, 1279–1292 (2007). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12021.x, 0705.3053
Srinivasan, G., Sahijpal, S., Ulyanov, A.A., Goswami, J.N.: Ion microprobe studies of Efremovka CAIs: II. Potassium isotope composition and 41Ca in the early Solar System. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 60, 1823–1835 (1996). doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(96)00054-3
Srinivasan, G., Ulyanov, A.A., Goswami, J.N.: Ca-41 in the early solar system. ApJ 431, L67–L70 (1994). doi: 10.1086/187474
Stirling, C.H., Halliday, A.N., Potter, E., Andersen, M.B., Zanda, B.: A low initial abundance of 247Cm in the early solar system and implications for r-process nucleosynthesis. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 251, 386–397 (2006). doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.09.023
Stoerzer, D., Pellas, P.: Angra DOS Reis – Plutonium distribution and cooling history. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 35, 285–293 (1977). doi: 10.1016/0012-821X(77)90132-7
Tachibana, S., Huss, G.R.: The initial abundance of 60Fe in the solar system. ApJ 588, L41–L44 (2003). doi: 10.1086/375362
Tachibana, S., Huss, G.R., Kita, N.T., Shimoda, G., Morishita, Y.: 60Fe in Chondrites: debris from a nearby supernova in the early solar system? ApJ 639, L87–L90 (2006). doi: 10.1086/503201
Takigawa, A., Miki, J., Tachibana, S., Huss, G.R., Tominaga, N., Umeda, H., Nomoto, K.: Injection of short-lived radionuclides into the early solar system from a faint supernova with mixing fallback. ApJ 688, 1382–1387 (2008). doi: 10.1086/592184, 0808.1441
Tatischeff, V., Kozlovsky, B., Kiener, J., Murphy, R.J.: Delayed X- and gamma-ray line emission from solar flare radioactivity. ApJS 165, 606–617 (2006). doi: 10.1086/505112, arXiv:astroph/0604325
Tatischeff, V., Kozlovsky, B., Kiener, J., Murphy, R.J.: Radioactive line emission from solar flares. In: ESA Special Publication (Nordwijk: ESA Publ.), vol. 622, p. 135 (2007)
Tatischeff, V., Thibaud, J.: Li production by stellar flares in young open clusters. New Astron. Rev. 52, 423–426 (2008). doi: 10.1016/j.newar.2008.06.013
Tatischeff, V., Thibaud, J., Ribas, I.: Nucleosynthesis in stellar flares. ArXiv e-prints 0801.1777 (2008)
Thiemens, M.H., Heidenreich, J.E., III: The mass-independent fractionation of oxygen – a novel isotope effect and its possible cosmochemical implications. Science 219, 1073–1075 (1983). doi: 10.1126/science.219.4588.1073
Trigo-Rodríguez, J.M., García-Hernández, D.A., Lugaro, M., Karakas, A.I., van Raai, M., Garcáa Lario, P., Manchado, A.: The role of massive AGB stars in the early solar system composition. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 44, 627–641, 0812.4358 (2009)
Tur, C., Heger, A., Austin, S.M.: Production of 26Al, 44Ti, and 60Fe in core-collapse supernovae: sensitivity to the rates of the triple alpha and 12C(a,g)16O reactions. ArXiv e-prints 0908.4283 (2009)
Urey, H.C.: The cosmic abundances of potassium, uranium, and thorium and the heat balances of the earth, the moon, and mars. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 41, 127–144 (1955). doi: 10.1073/pnas.41.3.127
Urey, H.C., Donn, B.: Chemical heating for meteorites. ApJ 124, 307 (1956). doi: 10.1086/146223
Wadhwa, M., Amelin, Y., Davis, A.M., Lugmair, G.W., Meyer, B., Gounelle, M., Desch, S.J.: From dust to planetesimals: implications for the solar protoplanetary disk from short-lived radionuclides. In: Reipurth, B., Jewitt, D., Keil, K. (eds.) Protostars and Planets V, pp. 835–848. Tucson: University of Arizona Press (2007)
Wasserburg, G.J., Fowler, W.A., Hoyle, F.: Duration of nucleosynthesis. Phys. Rev. Lett. 4, 112–114 (1960). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.4.112
Wasserburg, G.J., Huneke, J.C., Burnett, D.S.: Correlations between fission tracks and fission type xenon in meteoritic whitlockite. J. Geoph. Res. 74, 4221–4232 (1969). doi: 10.1029/JB074i017p04221
Wasserburg, G.J., Busso, M., Gallino, R.: Abundances of actinides and short-lived nonactinides in the interstellar medium: diverse supernova sources for the r-processes. ApJ 466, L109-L113 (1996). doi: 10.1086/310177
Wasserburg, G.J., Busso, M., Gallino, R., Nollett, K.M.: Short-lived nuclei in the early Solar System: possible AGB sources. Nucl. Phys. A 777, 5–69 (2006). doi: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.07.015, arXiv:astro-ph/0602551
Wasserburg, G.J., Busso, M., Gallino, R., Raiteri, C.M.: Asymptotic Giant Branch stars as a source of short-lived radioactive nuclei in the solar nebula. ApJ 424, 412–428 (1994). doi: 10.1086/173899
Wasserburg, G.J., Gallino, R., Busso, M.A.: Test of the supernova trigger hypothesis with 60Fe and 26Al. ApJ 500, L189-L193 (1998). doi: 10.1086/311414
Wasserburg, G.J., Gallino, R., Busso, M., Goswami, J.N., Raiteri, C.M.: Injection of freshly synthesized Ca-41 in the early solar nebula by an asymptotic giant branch star. ApJ 440, L101–L104 (1995). doi: 10.1086/187771
Williams, J.P., Gaidos, E.: On the likelihood of supernova enrichment of protoplanetary disks. ApJ 663, L33–L36 (2007). doi: 10.1086/519972, 0705.3459
Woosley, S.E., Heger, A.: Nucleosynthesis and remnants in massive stars of solar metallicity. Phys. Rep.442, 269–283 (2007). doi: 10.1016/j.physrep.2007.02.009, arXiv:astro-ph/0702176
Woosley, S.E., Weaver, T.A.: The evolution and explosion of massive stars. II. Explosive hydrodynamics and nucleosynthesis. ApJS 101, 181 (1995). doi: 10.1086/192237
Young, E.D., Gounelle, M., Smith, R.L., Morris, M.R., Pontoppidan, K.M.: The oxygen isotopic composition of the solar system in a galactic context: new results for CO in young stellar objects and implications for the birth environment of the solar system. In: Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts (Houston: LPI), vol. 40, p. 1967 (2009)
Young, E.D., Simon, J.I., Galy, A., Russell, S.S., Tonui, E., Lovera, O.: Supra-canonical 26Al/27Al and the residence time of CAIs in the solar protoplanetary disk. Science 308, 223–227 (2005). doi: 10.1126/science.1108140
Zinnecker, H.: From local star formation to global star formation. Ap&SS 281, 147–157 (2002). doi: 10.1023/A:1019532503571
Zinner, E., Göpel, C.: Aluminum-26 in H4 chondrites: implications for its production and its usefulness as a fine-scale chronometer for early solar system events. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. 37, 1001–1013 (2002)
Zuckerman, B., Song, I.: Young stars near the sun. ARA&A 42, 685–721 (2004). doi: 10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134111
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Busso, M. (2011). The Early Solar System. In: Diehl, R., Hartmann, D., Prantzos, N. (eds) Astronomy with Radioactivities. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 812. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12698-7_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12698-7_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12697-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12698-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)