Abstract
The nuclear energy supply of a typical star like the Sun would be ~ 1052 erg if all the hydrogen could be incinerated into iron peak elements. Since the gravitational binding energy is ~ 1049 erg, it is evident that the nuclear energy content is more than enough to blow up the Sun. However, stars are stable thanks to the fact that their matter obeys the equation of state of a classical ideal gas that acts as a thermostat: if some energy is released as a consequence of a thermal fluctuation, the gas expands, the temperature drops and the instability is quenched. The first researchers to discuss the scenario under which stars could explosively release their nuclear energy were Hoyle and Fowler (1960). They showed that this could occur under conditions of dynamic compression, as a consequence of collapse, or under electron degeneracy. They also pointed out in their seminal paper that hydrogen could only be responsible for mild explosions, like novae, as a consequence of the necessity to convert two protons into two neutrons, and that only the thermonuclear fusion of carbon could be energetic enough to feed a strong explosion. They did not consider helium because by this epoch the He-burning mechanism was not yet known.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Referneces
Alexakis, A., Calder, A.C., Heger, A., Brown, E.F., Dursi, L.J., Truran, J.W., Rosner, R., Lamb, D.Q., Timmes, F. X., Fryxell, B., Zingale, M., Ricker, P.M., Olson, K.: On Heavy element enrichment in classical novae. ApJ 602, 931–937 (2004). doi:10.1086/381086, arXiv:astro-ph/0307126
Alibés, A., Labay, J., Canal, R.: Galactic cosmic rays from superbubbles and the abundances of lithium, beryllium, and boron. ApJ 571, 326–333 (2002). doi:10.1086/339937, arXiv:astroph/0202097
Amari, S.: Presolar grains from novae: their isotopic ratios and radioactivities. New Astron. Rev. 46, 519–524 (2002). doi:10.1016/S1387-6473(02)00194-X
Amari, S., Anders, A., Virag, A., Zinner, E.: Interstellar graphite in meteorites. Nature 345, 238–240 (1990). doi:10.1038/345238a0
Amari, S., Hoppe, P., Zinner, E., Lewis, R.S.: Interstellar SiC with unusual isotopic compositions – Grains from a supernova? ApJ 394, L43–L46 (1992). doi:10.1086/186468
Amari, S., Gao, X., Nittler, L.R., Zinner, E., José, J., Hernanz, M., Lewis, R.S.: Presolar grains from novae. ApJ 551, 1065–1072 (2001a). doi:10.1086/320235, arXiv:astro-ph/0012465
Amari, S., Nittler, L.R., Zinner, E., Gallino, R., Lugaro, M., Lewis, R.S.: Presolar SiC grains of type Y: origin from low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch stars. ApJ 546, 248–266 (2001b). doi:10.1086/318230
Amari, S., Nittler, L.R., Zinner, E., Lodders, K., Lewis, R.S.: Presolar SiC grains of type A and B: their isotopic compositions and stellar origins. ApJ 559, 463–483 (2001c). doi:10.1086/322397
Ambwani, K., Sutherland, P.: Gamma-ray spectra and energy deposition for type IA supernovae. ApJ 325, 820–827 (1988). doi:10.1086/166052
Amthor, M.A., Galaviz, D., Heger, A., Sakharuk, A., Schatz, H., Smith, K.: Sensitivity of type I X-ray bursts to rp-process reaction rate. In: International Symposium on Nuclear Astrophysics – Nuclei in the Cosmos, Geneva (2006)
Arnett, D.: Supernovae and Mucleosynthesis: An Investigation of the History of Matter from the Big Bang to the Present. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1996)
Arnett, W.D.: A possible model of supernovae: detonation of 12C. Ap&SS 5, 180–212 (1969). doi:10.1007/BF00650291
Arnould, M., Norgaard, H.: The explosive thermonuclear formation of 7Li and 11B. A&A 42, 55–70 (1975)
Audouze, J., Reeves, H.: The origin of the light elements. In: Essays in Nuclear Astrophysics, pp. 355–375. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1982)
Axelrod, T.S.: Late time optical spectra from the Ni-56 model for Type 1 supernovae. PhD thesis, University of California, Santa Cruz. (1980)
Ayasli, S., Joss, P.C.: Thermonuclear processes on accreting neutron stars – a systematic study. ApJ 256, 637–665 (1982). doi:10.1086/159940
Badenes, C., Borkowski, K.J., Hughes, J.P., Hwang, U., Bravo, E.: Constraints on the physics of type Ia supernovae from the x-ray spectrum of the tycho supernova remnant. ApJ 645, 1373–1391 (2006). doi:10.1086/504399, arXiv:astro-ph/0511140
Balman, S., Krautter, J., Oegelman, H.: The x-ray spectral evolution of classical nova V1974 Cygni 1992: a reanalysis of the ROSAT data. ApJ 499, 395–406 (1998)
Barbon, R., Ciatti, F., Rosino, L.: Light curves and characteristics of recent supernovae. A&A 29, 57–67 (1973)
Basinska, E.M., Lewin, W.H.G., Sztajno, M., Cominsky, L.R., Marshall, F.J.: X-ray observations of the burst source MXB 1728-34. ApJ 281, 337–353 (1984). doi:10.1086/162103
Bazin, D., Montes, F., Becerril, A., Lorusso, G., Amthor, A., Baumann, T., Crawford, H., Estrade, A., Gade, A., Ginter, T., Guess, C.J., Hausmann, M., Hitt, G.W., Mantica, P., Matos, M., Meharchand, R., Minamisono, K., Perdikakis, G., Pereira, J., Pinter, J., Portillo, M., Schatz, H., Smith, K., Stoker, J., Stolz, A., Zegers, R.G.T.: Production and β Decay of rp-Process Nuclei Cd96, In98, and Sn100. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101(25), 252501/1-25201/4 (2008). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.252501, 0810.3597
Belian, R.D., Conner, J.P., Evans, W.D.: The discovery of X-ray bursts from a region in the constellation Norma. ApJ 206, L135–L138 (1976). doi:10.1086/182151
Benz, W., Cameron, A.G.W., Press, W.H., Bowers, R.L.: Dynamic mass exchange in doubly degenerate binaries. I – 0.9 and 1.2 solar mass stars. ApJ 348, 647–667 (1990). doi:10.1086/ 168273
Bernatowicz, T., Fraundorf, G., Ming, T., Anders, E., Wopenka, B., Zinner, E., Fraundorf, P.: Evidence for interstellar SiC in the Murray carbonaceous meteorite. Nature 330, 728–730 (1987). doi:10.1038/330728a0
Bildsten, L.: Propagation of nuclear burning fronts on accreting neutron stars: x-ray bursts and sub-hertz noise. ApJ 438, 852–875 (1995). doi:10.1086/175128
Bildsten, L.: Thermonuclear burning on rapidly accreting neutron stars. In: Buccheri, R., van Paradijs, J., Alpar, A. (eds.) NATO ASIC Proc. 515: The Many Faces of Neutron Stars, p. 419. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1998)
Bildsten, L., Chang, P., Paerels, F.: Atomic spectral features during thermonuclear flashes on neutron stars. ApJ 591, L29–L32 (2003). doi:10.1086/377066, arXiv:astro-ph/0303147
Blinnikov, S.I., Khokhlov, A.M.: Development of detonations in degenerate stars. Sov. Astron. Lett. 12, 131–132 (1986)
Boffin, H.M.J., Paulus, G., Arnould, M., Mowlavi, N.: The explosive thermonuclear formation of Li-7 revisited. A&A 279, 173–178 (1993)
Branch, D.: Some statistical properties of type I supernovae. ApJ 248, 1076–1080 (1981). doi:10.1086/159237
Branch, D., Fisher, A., Nugent, P.: On the relative frequencies of spectroscopically normal and peculiar type IA supernovae. AJ 106, 2383–2391 (1993). doi:10.1086/116810
Branch, D., Romanishin, W., Baron, E.: Statistical connections between the properties of type IA supernovae and the B-V colors of their parent galaxies, and the value of H 0. ApJ 465, 73–78 (1996). doi:10.1086/177402, arXiv:astro-ph/9510071
Bravo, E., García-Senz, D.: Coulomb corrections to the equation of state of nuclear statistical equilibrium matter: implications for SNIa nucleosynthesis and the accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs. MNRAS 307, 984–992 (1999). doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1999.02694.x
Bravo, E., Isern, J., Canal, R., Labay, J.: On the contribution of Ne-22 to the synthesis of Fe-54 and Ni-58 in thermonuclear supernovae. A&A 257, 534–538 (1992)
Bravo, E., Tornambe, A., Domínguez, I., Isern, J.: Clues to Type IA SN progenitors from degenerate carbon ignition models. A&A 306, 811–822 (1996)
Brown, E.F.: Nuclear heating and melted layers in the inner crust of an accreting neutron star. ApJ 531, 988–1002 (2000). doi:10.1086/308487, arXiv:astro-ph/9910215
Brown, E.F., Bildsten, L.: The ocean and crust of a rapidly accreting neutron star: implications for magnetic field evolution and thermonuclear flashes. ApJ 496, 915–933 (1998). doi:10.1086/305419, arXiv:astro-ph/9710261
Burrows, A., The, L.: X- and gamma-ray signatures of type IA supernovae. ApJ 360, 626–638 (1990). doi:10.1086/169150
Bussard, R.W., Ramaty, R., Drachman, R.J.: The annihilation of galactic positrons. ApJ 228, 928–934 (1979). doi:10.1086/156920
Cadonau, R., Tammann, G.A., Sandage, A.: Type I supernovae as standard candles. In: Bartel, N. (ed.) Supernovae as Distance Indicators. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 224, pp. 151–165. Springer Verlag, Berlin (1985). doi:10.1007/3-540-15206-7-56
Cameron, A.G.W.: Origin of anomalous abundances of the elements in giant stars. ApJ 121, 144–160 (1955). doi:10.1086/145970
Cameron, A.G.W.: The formation of the sun and planets. Icarus 1, 13–69 (1962). doi:10.1016/0019-1035(62)90005-2
Cameron, A.G.W.: Interstellar grains in museums? In: Greenberg, J.M., van de Hulst, H.C. (eds.) Interstellar Dust and Related Topics, IAU Symposium, vol. 52, pp. 545–547. Reidel, Dordrecht (1973)
Canal, R., Isern, J., Labay, J.: The origin of neutron stars in binary systems. ARA&A 28, 183–214 (1990). doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.28.090190.001151
Cappellaro, E., Barbon, R., Turatto, M.: Supernova statistics. ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints arXiv:astro-ph/0310859 (2003)
Carter, B., Luminet, J.: Tidal compression of a star by a large black hole. I Mechanical evolution and nuclear energy release by proton capture. A&A 121, 97–113 (1983)
Champagne, A.E., Wiescher, M.: Explosive hydrogen burning. Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part Sci 42, 39–76 (1992). doi:10.1146/annurev.ns.42.120192.000351
Chan, K., Lingenfelter, R.E.: Positrons from supernovae. ApJ 405, 614–636 (1993). doi:10.1086/172393
Chang, P., Bildsten, L., Wasserman, I.: Formation of resonant atomic lines during thermonuclear flashes on neutron stars. ApJ 629, 998–1007 (2005). doi:10.1086/431730, arXiv:astroph/0505062
Chang, P., Morsink, S., Bildsten, L., Wasserman, I.: Rotational broadening of atomic spectral features from neutron stars. ApJ 636, L117–L120 (2006). doi:10.1086/499428, arXiv:astroph/0511246
Choi, B., Huss, G.R., Wasserburg, G.J., Gallino, R.: Presolar corundum and spinel in ordinary chondrites: origins from AGB stars and a supernova. Science 282, 1284–1289 (1998). doi:10.1126/science.282.5392.1284
Choi, B., Wasserburg, G.J., Huss, G.R.: Circumstellar hibonite and corundum and nucleosynthesis in asymptotic giant branch stars. ApJ 522, L133–L136 (1999). doi:10.1086/312239
Clayton, D.D.: Li-7 gamma-ray lines from novae. ApJ 244, L97–L98 (1981). doi:10.1086/183488
Clayton, D.D., Hoyle, F.: Gamma-ray lines from novae. ApJ 187, L101–L103 (1974). doi:10.1086/181406
Clayton, D.D., Hoyle, F.: Grains of anomalous isotopic composition from novae. ApJ 203, 490–496 (1976). doi:10.1086/154104
Clayton, D.D., Nittler, L.R.: Astrophysics with presolar stardust. ARA&A 42, 39–78 (2004). doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.134022
Clayton, D.D., Meyer, B.S., The, L., El Eid, M.F.: Iron implantation in presolar supernova grains. ApJ 578, L83–L86 (2002). doi:10.1086/344434
Coc, A., Hernanz, M., José, J, Thibaud, J.: Influence of new reaction rates on 18F production in novae. A&A 357, 561–571 (2000). arXiv:astro-ph/0003166
Colgate, S.A., McKee, C.: Early supernova luminosity. ApJ 157, 623–643 (1969). doi:10.1086/150102
Cornelisse, R., Heise, J., Kuulkers, E., Verbunt, F., in’t Zand, J.J.M. The longest thermonuclear X-ray burst ever observed? A BeppoSAX Wide Field Camera observation of 4U 1735–1744. A&A 357, L21–L24 (2000). arXiv:astro-ph/0003454
Cottam, J., Paerels, F., Mendez, M.: Gravitationally redshifted absorption lines in the X-ray burst spectra of a neutron star. Nature 420, 51–54 (2002). doi:10.1038/nature01159, arXiv:astroph/0211126
Cottam, J., Paerels, F., Méndez, M, Boirin, L., Lewin, W.H.G., Kuulkers, E., Miller, J.M.: The burst spectra of EXO 0748-676 during a Long 2003 XMM-Newton observation. ApJ 672, 504–509 (2008). doi:10.1086/524186, 0709.4062
Cumming, A.: Superbursts: a new probe of the rp-process. Nucl. Phys. A 758, 439–446 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.05.081
Cumming, A., Bildsten, L.: Carbon flashes in the heavy-element ocean on accreting neutron stars. ApJ 559, L127–L130 (2001). doi:10.1086/323937, arXiv:astro-ph/0107213
Damen, E., Magnier, E., Lewin, W.H.G., Tan, J., Penninx, W., van Paradijs, J.: X-ray bursts with photospheric radius expansion and the gravitational redshift of neutron stars. A&A 237, 103–109 (1990)
D’Antona, F., Mazzitelli, I.: The fastest evolving white dwarfs. ApJ 347, 934–949 (1989). doi:10.1086/168185
Della Valle, M.: Nova populations. In: Hernanz, M., José, J. (ed.) Classical Nova Explosions, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 637, pp. 443–456. American Institute of Physics, New York (2002). doi:10.1063/1.1518244
Della Valle, M., Bianchini, A., Livio, M., Orio, M.: On the possible existence of two classes of progenitors for classical novae. A&A 266, 232–236 (1992)
Della Valle, M., Livio, M.: On the nova rate in the Galaxy. A&A 286, 786–788 (1994)
Della Valle, M., Livio, M.: The calibration of novae as distance indicators. ApJ 452, 704–709 (1995). doi:10.1086/176342
Della Valle, M., Livio, M.: The spectroscopic differences between disk and thick-disk/bulge novae. ApJ 506, 818–823 (1998). doi:10.1086/306275
Della Valle, M., Pasquini, L., Daou, D., Williams, R.E.: The evolution of Nova V382 Velorum 1999. A&A 390, 155–166 (2002). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020611, arXiv:astro-ph/0205135
de Plaa, J., Werner, N., Bleeker, J.A.M., Vink, J., Kaastra, J.S., Méndez M.: Constraining supernova models using the hot gas in clusters of galaxies. A&A 465, 345–355 (2007). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20066382, arXiv:astro-ph/0701553
Diehl, R., Dupraz, C., Bennett, K., Bloemen, H., Hermsen, W., Knoedlseder, J., Lichti, G., Morris, D., Ryan, J., Schoenfelder, V., Steinle, H., Strong, A., Swanenburg, B., Varendorff, M., Winkler, C.: COMPTEL observations of galactic 26Al emission. A&A 298, 445–460 (1995)
Domínguez, I., Tornambe, A., Isern, J.: On the formation of o-ne white dwarfs in metal-rich close binary systems. ApJ 419, 268–275 (1993). doi:10.1086/173480
Domínguez, I., Höflich, P., Straniero, O.: Constraints on the progenitors of type Ia supernovae and implications for the cosmological equation of state. ApJ 557, 279–291 (2001). doi:10.1086/321661, arXiv:astro-ph/0104257
Domínguez, I., Piersanti, L., Bravo, E., Tornambé, A., Straniero, O., Gagliardi, S.: rotating type Ia SN progenitors: explosion and light curves. ApJ 644, 21–29 (2006). doi:10.1086/503534
Duerbeck, H.W.: Novae: an historical perspective. In: Bode, M.F., Evans, A. (eds.) Classical Novae, Second Edition, pp. 1–15. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008) 245
Elias, J.H., Matthews, K., Neugebauer, G., Persson, S.E.: Type I supernovae in the infrared and their use as distance indicators. ApJ 296, 379–389 (1985). doi:10.1086/163456
Elomaa, V., Vorobjev, G.K., Kankainen, A., Batist, L., Eliseev, S., Eronen, T., Hakala, J., Jokinen, A., Moore, I.D., Novikov, Y.N., Penttilä, H., Popov, A., Rahaman, S., Rissanen, J., Saastamoinen, A., Schatz, H., Seliverstov, D.M., Weber, C., Äystö, J.: Quenching of the SnSbTe cycle in the rp process. Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(25), 252 501/1-252501/4 (2009). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.252501
Filippenko, A.V., Richmond, M.W., Branch, D., Gaskell, M., Herbst, W., Ford, C.H., Treffers, R.R., Matheson, T., Ho, L.C., Dey, A., Sargent, W.L.W., Small, T.A., van Breugel, W.J.M.: The subluminous, spectroscopically peculiar type IA supernova 1991bg in the elliptical galaxy NGC 4374. AJ 104, 1543–1556 (1992). doi:10.1086/116339
Fishman, G.J., Wilson, R.B., Meegan, C.A., Brock, M.N., Horack, J.M., Paciesas, W.S., Pendleton, G.N., Harmon, B.A., Leising, M.: Detectability of early low-energy gamma rays from nearby novae by BATSE/GRO. In: Durouchoux, P., Prantzos, N. (eds.) Gamma-Ray Line Astrophysics, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 232, pp. 190–192. American Institute of Physics, New York (1991). doi:10.1063/1.40956
Fisker, J.L., Görres, J., Wiescher, M., Davids, B.: The importance of 15O(α, γ) 19Ne to x-ray bursts and superbursts. ApJ 650, 332–337 (2006). doi:10.1086/507083, arXiv:astro-ph/0410561
Fisker, J.L., Schatz, H., Thielemann, F.: Explosive hydrogen burning during type I x-ray bursts. ApJS 174, 261–276 (2008). doi:10.1086/521104
Fryxell, B.A., Woosley, S.E.: Finite propagation time in multidimensional thermonuclear runaways. ApJ 261, 332–336 (1982). doi:10.1086/160344
Fujimoto, M.Y., Hanawa, T., Miyaji, S.: Shell flashes on accreting neutron stars and X-ray bursts. ApJ 247, 267–278 (1981). doi:10.1086/159034
Fuller, G.M., Fowler, W.A., Newman, M.J.: Stellar weak interaction rates for intermediate-mass nuclei. IV – Interpolation procedures for rapidly varying lepton capture rates using effective log (ft)-values. ApJ 293, 1–16 (1985). doi:10.1086/163208
Fushiki, I., Lamb, D.Q.: New insights from a global view of X-ray bursts. ApJ 323, L55–L60 (1987). doi:10.1086/185056
Gallino, R., Raiteri, C.M., Busso, M.: Carbon stars and isotopic BA anomalies in meteoritic SiC grains. ApJ 410, 400–411 (1993). doi:10.1086/172757
Galloway, D.K., Muno, M.P., Hartman, J.M., Psaltis, D., Chakrabarty, D.: Thermonuclear (type I) X-ray bursts observed by the Rossi X-ray timing explorer. ApJS 179, 360–422 (2008). doi:10.1086/592044, arXiv:astro-ph/0608259
Gamezo, V.N., Khokhlov, A.M., Oran, E.S., Chtchelkanova, A.Y., Rosenberg, R.O.: Thermonuclear supernovae: simulations of the deflagration stage and their implications. Science 299, 77–81 (2003). doi:10.1126/science.1078129, arXiv:astro-ph/0212054
García-Senz, D., Bravo, E.: Type Ia Supernova models arising from different distributions of igniting points. A&A 430, 585–602 (2005). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20041628, arXiv:astro-ph/0409480
Gehrz, R.D.: Infrared and radio observations of classical novae: physical parameters and abundances in the ejecta. In: Hernanz, M., José, J. (eds.) Classical Nova Explosions, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 637, pp. 198–207. American Institute of Physics, New York (2002). doi:10.1063/1.1518200
Gehrz, R.D., Truran, J.W., Williams, R.E., Starrfield, S.: Nucleosynthesis in classical novae and its contribution to the interstellar medium. PASP 110, 3–26 (1998). doi:10.1086/316107
Glasner, A., Livne, E.: Multidimensional nova simulations. In: Hernanz, M., José, J. (eds.) Classical Nova Explosions, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 637, pp. 124–133. American Institute of Physics, New York (2002). doi:10.1063/1.1518189
Glasner, S.A., Truran, J.W.: Carbon-nitrogen-oxygen “breakout” and nucleosynthesis in classical novae. ApJ 692, L58–L61 (2009). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/692/1/L58, 0812.3984
Gómez-Gomar, J., Hernanz, M., José, J., Isern, J.: Gamma-ray emission from individual classical novae. MNRAS 296, 913–920 (1998a). doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01421.x, arXiv:astroph/9711322
Gómez-Gomar, J., Isern, J., Jean, P.: Prospects for Type IA supernova explosion mechanism identification with gamma rays. MNRAS 295, 1–9 (1998b). doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.29511115.x, arXiv:astro-ph/9709048
Grindlay, J., Gursky, H.: Scattering model for X-ray bursts – Massive black holes in globular clusters. ApJ 205, L131–L133 (1976). doi:10.1086/182106
Grindlay, J., Gursky, H., Schnopper, H., Parsignault, D.R., Heise, J., Brinkman, A.C., Schrijver, J.: Discovery of intense X-ray bursts from the globular cluster NGC 6624. ApJ 205, L127–L130 (1976). doi: 10.1086/182105 263
Grindlay, J.E., McClintock, J.E., Canizares, C.R., Cominsky, L., Li, F.K., Lewin, W.H.G., van Paradijs, J.: Discovery of optical bursts from an X-ray burst source, MXB1735-44. Nature 274, 567–568 (1978). doi:10.1038/274567a0
Guerrero, J., García-Berro, E., Isern, J.: Smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations of merging white dwarfs. A&A 413, 257–272 (2004). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031504
Gutiérrez, J., García-Berro, E., Iben, I. Jr., Isern, J., Labay, J., Canal, R.: The final evolution of ONeMg electron-degenerate cores. ApJ 459, 701–705 (1996). doi:10.1086/176934
Hachisu, I., Kato, M., Nomoto, K.: A wide symbiotic channel to type IA supernovae. ApJ 522, 487–503 (1999). doi:10.1086/307608, arXiv:astro-ph/9902304
Hackwell, J.A., Grasdalen, G.L., Gehrz, R.D., Cominsky, L., Lewin, W.H.G., van Paradijs, J.: The detection of an optical burst coincident with an X-ray burst from MXB 1837 + 05/Ser X-1/. ApJ 233, L115–L119 (1979). doi:10.1086/183088
Hamuy, M., Phillips, M.M., Maza, J., Suntzeff, N.B., Schommer, R.A., Aviles, R.: A Hubble diagram of distant type IA supernovae. AJ 109, 1–13 (1995). doi:10.1086/117251
Hamuy, M., Phillips, M.M., Suntzeff, N.B., Schommer, R.A., Maza, J., Antezan, A.R., Wischnjewsky, M., Valladares, G., Muena, C., Gonzales, L.E., Aviles, R., Wells, L.A., Smith, R.C., Navarrete, M., Covarrubias, R., Williger, G.M., Walker, A.R., Layden, A.C., Elias, J.H., Baldwin, J.A., Hernandez, M., Tirado, H., Ugarte, P., Elston, R., Saavedra, N., Barrientos, F., Costa, E., Lira, P., Ruiz, M.T., Anguita, C., Gomez, X., Ortiz, P., Della Valle, M., Danziger, J., Storm, J., Kim, Y., Bailyn, C., Rubenstein, E.P., Tucker, D., Cersosimo, S., Mendez, R.A., Siciliano, L., Sherry, W., Chaboyer, B., Koopmann, R.A., Geisler, D., Sarajedini, A., Dey, A., Tyson, N., Rich, R.M., Gal, R., Lamontagne, R., Caldwell, N., Guhathakurta, P., Phillips, A.C., Szkody, P., Prosser, C., Ho, L.C., McMahan, R., Baggley, G., Cheng, K., Havlen, R., Wakamatsu, K., Janes, K., Malkan, M., Baganoff, F., Seitzer, P., Shara, M., Sturch, C., Hesser, J., Hartig, A.N.P., Hughes, J., Welch, D., Williams, T.B., Ferguson, H., Francis, P.J., French, L., Bolte, M., Roth, J., Odewahn, S., Howell, S., Krzeminski, W.: BVRI light curves for 29 Type IA supernovae. AJ 112, 2408–2437 (1996). doi:10.1086/118192, arXiv:astro-ph/9609064
Hanawa, T., Sugimoto, D., Hashimoto, M.: Nucleosynthesis in explosive hydrogen burning and its implications in ten-minute interval of X-ray bursts. PASJ 35, 491–506 (1983)
Hansen, C.J., van Horn, H.M.: Steady-state nuclear fusion in accreting neutron-star envelopes. ApJ 195, 735–741 (1975). doi:10.1086/153375
Harkness, R.: Type ia Supernovae. In: Danziger, I.J., Kjaer, K. (eds.) Supernova 1987A and other supernovae, European Southern Observatory Astrophysics Symposia, vol. 37, pp. 447–456. European Southern Observatory, Garching (1991)
Harris, M.J., Leising, M.D., Share, G.H.: A search for the 478 keV line from the decay of nucleosynthetic Be-7. ApJ 375, 216–220 (1991). doi:10.1086/170183
Harris, M.J., Naya, J.E., Teegarden, B.J., Cline, T.L., Gehrels, N., Palmer, D.M., Ramaty, R., Seifert, H.: Transient gamma ray spectrometer observations of gamma-ray lines from novae. I. Limits on the positron annihilation line in five individual novae. ApJ 522, 424–432 (1999). doi:10.1086/307625, arXiv:astro-ph/0004164
Harris, M.J., Teegarden, B.J., Weidenspointner, G., Palmer, D.M., Cline, T.L., Gehrels, N., Ramaty, R.: Transient gamma-ray spectrometer observations of gamma-ray lines from novae. III. The 478 keV line from 7Be decay. ApJ 563, 950–957 (2001). doi:10.1086/323951
Hatano, K., Branch, D., Fisher, A., Starrfield, S.: On the spatial distribution and occurrence rate of Galactic classical novae. MNRAS 290, 113–118 (1997)
Hayakawa, S.: Galactic X-rays observed with X-ray astronomy satellite ‘Hakucho’. Space Sci. Rev. 29, 221–290 (1981). doi:10.1007/BF00229297
Heger, A., Cumming, A., Galloway, D.K., Woosley, S.E.: Models of type I x-ray bursts from GS 1826-24: a probe of rp-process hydrogen burning. ApJ 671, L141–L144 (2007). doi:10.1086/525522, 0711.1195
Henyey, L., L’Ecuyer, J.: Studies in stellar evolution. VIII. The time scale for the diffusion of energy in the stellar interior. ApJ 156, 549–558 (1969). doi:10.1086/149988
Hernanz, M.: Gamma-ray emission from classical novae. In: Hernanz, M., José, J. (eds.) Classical Nova Explosions, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 637, pp. 399–408. American Institute of Physics, New York (2002). doi:10.1063/1.1518237
Hernanz, M.: Gamma-rays from classical novae. In: Bode, M.F., Evans, A. (eds.) Classical Novae, Second Edition, pp. 252–284. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008) 272
Hernanz, M., José, J.: γ-rays from classical novae: expectations from present and future missions. New Astron. Rev. 48, 35–39 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.newar.2003.11.005
Hernanz, M., Isern, J., Canal, R., Labay, J., Mochkovitch, R.: The final stages of evolution of cold, mass-accreting white dwarfs. ApJ 324, 331–344 (1988). doi:10.1086/165898
Hernanz, M., José, J., Coc, A., Isern, J.: On the synthesis of 7Li and 7Be in novae. ApJ 465, L27–L30 (1996). doi:10.1086/310122
Hernanz, M., José, J., Coc, A., Gómez-Gomar, J., Isern, J.: Gamma-ray emission from novae related to positron annihilation: constraints on its observability posed by new experimental nuclear data. ApJ 526, L97–L100 (1999). doi:10.1086/312372, arXiv:astro-ph/9910111
Hernanz, M., Smith, D.M., Fishman, J., Harmon, A., Gómez-Gomar, J., José, J., Isern, J., Jean, P.: BATSE observations of classical novae. In: McConnell, M.L., Ryan, J.M. (eds.) Proceedings of the fourth COMPTON Symposium, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 510, pp. 82–86. American Institute of Physics New York (2000). doi:10.1063/1.1303179
Hernanz, M., Gómez-Gomar, J., José, J.: The prompt gamma-ray emission of novae. New Astron. Rev. 46, 559–563 (2002). doi:10.1016/S1387-6473(02)00201-4, arXiv:astro-ph/0110203
Higdon, J.C., Fowler, W.A.: Gamma-ray constraints on Na-22 yields in nova explosions. ApJ 317, 710–716 (1987). doi:10.1086/165317
Hillebrandt, W., Thielemann, F.: Nucleosynthesis in novae – a source of Ne-E and Al-26. ApJ 255, 617–623 (1982). doi:10.1086/159864
Hoeflich, P., Khokhlov, A.: Explosion models for type IA supernovae: a comparison with observed light curves, distances, H 0, and Q 0. ApJ 457, 500–528 (1996). doi:10.1086/176748, arXiv:astro-ph/9602025
Hoffman, J.A., Marshall, H.L., Lewin WHG Dual character of the rapid burster and a classification of X-ray bursts. Nature 271, 630–633 (1978). doi:10.1038/271630a0
Hoppe, P., Annen, P., Strebel, R., Eberhardt, P., Gallino, R., Lugaro, M., Amari, S., Lewis, R.S.: Meteoritic silicon carbide grains with unusual Si isotopic compositions: evidence for an origin in low-mass, low-metallicity asymptotic giant branch stars. ApJ 487, L101–L104 (1997). doi:10.1086/310869
Hoppe, P., Ott, U.: Mainstream silicon carbide grains from meteorites. In: Bernatowicz, T.J., Zinner, E. (eds.) Astrophysical implications of the laboratory study of presolar materials, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 402, pp. 27–58. American Institute of Physics, New York (1997). doi:10.1063/1.53314
Hoppe, P., Strebel, R., Eberhardt, P., Amari, S., Lewis, R.S.: Isotopic properties of silicon carbide X grains from the Murchison meteorite in the size range 0.5–1.5 μm. Meteorit Planet Sci 35, 1157–1176 (2000)
Howell, D.A., Sullivan, M., Nugent, P.E., Ellis, R.S., Conley, A.J., Le Borgne, D., Carlberg, R.G., Guy, J., Balam, D., Basa, S., Fouchez, D., Hook, I.M., Hsiao, E.Y., Neill, J.D., Pain, R., Perrett, K.M., Pritchet, C.J.: The type Ia supernova SNLS-03D3bb from a super-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf star. Nature 443, 308–311 (2006). doi:10.1038/nature05103, arXiv:astro-ph/0609616
Hoyle, F., Fowler, W.A.: Nucleosynthesis in supernovae. ApJ 132, 565–590 (1960). doi:10.1086/146963
Hutcheon, I.D., Huss, G.R., Fahey, A.J., Wasserburg, G.J.: Extreme Mg-26 and O-17 enrichments in an Orgueil corundum: identification of a presolar oxide grain. ApJ 425, L97–L100 (1994). doi:10.1086/187319
Iben, I. Jr., Tutukov, A.V.: On the evolution of close binaries with components of initial mass between 3 solar masses and 12 solar masses. ApJS 58, 661–710 (1985). doi:10.1086/ 191054
Iliadis, C., Endt, P.M., Prantzos, N., Thompson, W.J.: Explosive hydrogen burning of 27Si, 31S, 35Ar, and 39Ca in novae and x-ray bursts. ApJ 524, 434–453 (1999). doi:10.1086/307778
Iliadis, C.: Nuclear Physics of Stars. Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim (2007)
in’t Zand, J.J.M., Cornelisse, R., Cumming, A.: Superbursts at near-Eddington mass accretion rates. A&A 426, 257–265 (2004). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040522, arXiv:astro-ph/ 0407083
in’t Zand, J.J.M., Kuulkers, E., Verbunt, F., Heise, J., Cornelisse, R.: A superburst from 4U 1254-69. A&A 411, L487–L491 (2003). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031586, arXiv:astro-ph/ 0310364
Ivanova, L.N., Imshennik, V.S., Chechetkin, V.M.: Pulsation regime of the thermonuclear explosion of a star’s dense carbon core. Ap&SS 31, 497–514 (1974). doi:10.1007/BF00644102
Iyudin, A.F., Bennett, K., Bloemen, H., Diehl, R., Hermsen, W., Lichti, G.G., Morris, D., Ryan, J., Schoenfelder, V., Steinle, H., Strong, A., Varendorff, M., Winkler, C.: COMPTEL search for 22Na line emission from recent novae. A&A 300, 422–428 (1995)
Jean, P., Hernanz, M., Gómez-Gomar, J., José, J.: Galactic 1.275-MeV emission from ONe novae and its detectability by INTEGRAL/SPI. MNRAS 319, 350–364 (2000). doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03587.x, arXiv:astro-ph/0004126
José, J., Coc, A., Hernanz, M.: Nuclear Uncertainties in the NENA-MGAL cycles and production of 22Na and 26Al during nova outbursts. ApJ 520, 347–360 (1999). doi:10.1086/307445, arXiv:astro-ph/9902357
José, J., García-Berro, E., Hernanz, M., Gil-Pons, P.: The first nova explosions. ApJ 662, L103–L106 (2007). doi:10.1086/519521
José, J., Hernanz, M.: Nucleosynthesis in classical novae: CO versus ONe White Dwarfs. ApJ 494, 680–690 (1998). doi:10.1086/305244, arXiv:astro-ph/9709153
José, J., Hernanz, M.: The origin of presolar nova grains. Meteorit Planet Sci 42, 1135–1143 (2007a)
José, J., Hernanz, M.: TOPICAL REVIEW: nucleosynthesis in classical nova explosions. J Phys G Nucl Phys 34, R431–R458 (2007b). doi:10.1088/0954-3899/34/12/R01
José, J., Hernanz, M., Amari, S., Lodders, K., Zinner, E.: the imprint of nova nucleosynthesis in presolar grains. ApJ 612, 414–428 (2004). doi:10.1086/422569, arXiv:astro-ph/0405332
José, J., Hernanz, M., Coc, A.: New results on 26Al production in classical novae. ApJ 479, L55–L58 (1997). doi:10.1086/310575, arXiv:astro-ph/9701181
José, J., Hernanz, M., García-Berro, E., Gil-Pons, P.: The impact of the chemical stratification of white dwarfs on the classification of classical novae. ApJ 597, L41–L44 (2003). doi:10.1086/379782, arXiv:astro-ph/0309451
José, J., Hernanz, M., Iliadis, C.: Nucleosynthesis in classical novae. Nucl. Phys. A 777, 550–578 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2005.02.121
José, J., Moreno, F.: Hydrodynamic models of type I x-ray bursts. In: International Symposium on Nuclear Astrophysics – Nuclei in the Cosmos (2006)
José, J., Moreno, F., Parikh, A., Iliadis, C.: Hydrodynamic models of type I x-ray bursts: metallicity effects. ApJS American Institute of Physics, New York (2010)
José, J., Shore, S.N.: Observational mysteries and theoretical challenges for abundance studies. In: Bode, M.F., Evans, A. (eds.) Classical Novae, Second Edition, pp. 121–137. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008) 286
Joss, P.C.: X-ray bursts and neutron-star thermonuclear flashes. Nature 270, 310–314 (1977). doi:10.1038/270310a0
Joss, P.C.: Helium-burning flashes on an accreting neutron star – a model for X-ray burst sources. ApJ 225, L123–L127 (1978). doi:10.1086/182808
Kato, M., Hachisu, I.: Optically thick winds in nova outbursts. ApJ 437, 802–826 (1994). doi:10.1086/175041
Khokhlov, A.M.: Delayed detonation model for type IA supernovae. A&A 245, 114–128 (1991)
Khokhlov, A.M.: Propagation of turbulent flames in supernovae. ApJ 449, 695–713 (1995). doi:10.1086/176091
Khokhlov, A., Mueller, E., Hoeflich, P.: Light curves of Type IA supernova models with different explosion mechanisms. A&A 270, 223–248 (1993)
Khokhlov, A.M., Oran, E.S., Wheeler, J.C.: Deflagration-to-detonation transition in thermonuclear supernovae. ApJ 478, 678–688 (1997). doi:10.1086/303815, arXiv:astro-ph/9612226
Knödlseder, J.: Implications of 1.8 MEV gamma-ray observations for the origin of 26Al. ApJ 510, 915–929 (1999). doi:10.1086/306601
Koike, O., Hashimoto, M., Kuromizu, R., Fujimoto, S.: Final products of the rp-process on accreting neutron stars. ApJ 603, 242–251 (2004). doi:10.1086/381354
Kolb, U., Politano, M.: The contribution of O-Ne-Mg novae to the 26Al production in the Galaxy. A&A 319, 909–922 (1997)
Kong, A.K.H., Miller, J.M.,Méndez, M., Cottam, J., Lewin, W.H.G., Paerels, F., Kuulkers, E., Wijnands, R., van der Klis, M.: Nondetection of gravitationally redshifted absorption lines in the x-ray burst spectra of GS 1826-24. ApJ 670, L17–L20 (2007). doi:10.1086/524137, 0708.0413
Kovetz, A., Prialnik, D.: CNO abundances resulting from diffusion in accreting nova progenitors. ApJ 291, 812–821 (1985). doi:10.1086/163117
Kovetz, A., Prialnik, D.: The composition of nova ejecta from multicycle evolution models. ApJ 477, 356–367 (1997). doi:10.1086/303675
Kraft, R.P.: Are all novae binary stars? Leaflet Astron. Soc. Pac. 9, 137–144 (1964)
Krautter, J., Oegelman, H., Starrfield, S., Wichmann, R., Pfeffermann, E.: ROSAT x-ray observations of nova V1974 Cygni: the rise and fall of the brightest supersoft x-ray source. ApJ 456, 788–797 (1996). doi:10.1086/176697
Kuchner, M.J., Kirshner, R.P., Pinto, P.A., Leibundgut, B.: Evidence for Ni-56 yields Co-56 yields Fe-56 decay in type IA supernovae. ApJ 426, L89–L92 (1994). doi:10.1086/187347
Kulkarni, P.V., Ashok, N.M., Apparao, K.M.V., Chitre, S.M.: Discovery of IR bursts from Liller I/MXB1730-333. Nature 280, 819–820 (1979). doi:10.1038/280819a0
Kumagai, S., Nomoto, K.: Gamma-rays and X-rays from Type Ia supernovae. In: Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Canal, R., Isern, J. (eds.) NATO ASIC Proc. 486: Thermonuclear Supernovae, pp. 515–540 Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1997)
Kuulkers, E.: The observers’ view of (very) long X-ray bursts: they are super! Nucl. Phys. B Proc. Suppl. 132, 466–475 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2004.04.081, arXiv:astro-ph/0310402
Kuulkers, E., den Hartog, P.R., in’t Zand, J.J.M., Verbunt, F.W.M., Harris, W.E., Cocchi, M.: Photospheric radius expansion X-ray bursts as standard candles. A&A 399, 663–680 (2003). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021781, arXiv:astro-ph/0212028
Kuulkers, E., in’t Zand, J.J.M., van Kerkwijk, M.H., Cornelisse, R., Smith, D.A., Heise, J., Bazzano, A., Cocchi, M., Natalucci, L., Ubertini, P.: A half-a-day long thermonuclear X-ray burst from KS 1731-260. A&A 382, 503–512 (2002). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20011654, arXiv:astro-ph/0111261
Landau, L.D., Lifshitz, E.M.: Fluid mechanics. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1959)
Langanke, K., Martínez-Pinedo, G.: Shell-model calculations of stellar weak interaction rates: II. Weak rates for nuclei in the mass range/A=45–65 in supernovae environments. Nucl. Phys. A 673, 481–508 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0375-9474(00)00131-7, arXiv:nucl-th/0001018
Leising, M.D., Clayton, D.D.: Positron annihilation gamma rays from novae. ApJ 323, 159–169 (1987). doi:10.1086/165816
Leising, M.D.: Gamma-ray lines from classical novae. In: Durouchoux, P., Prantzos, N. (eds.) Gamma-Ray Line Astrophysics, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 232, pp. 173–182 American Institute of Physics, New York (1991). doi:10.1063/1.40932
Leising, M.D.: Hard emission from classical novae. A&AS 97, 299–301 (1993)
Lewin, W.H.G.: X-ray burst sources. In: Papagiannis M.D. (ed.) Eighth Texas Symposium on Relativistic Astrophysics, New York Academy Sciences Annals, vol. 302, pp. 210–227 (1977). doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb37050.x
Lewin, W.H.G., Clark, G., Doty, J.: X-Ray Bursts. IAU Circ. 2922 (1976)
Lewin, W.H.G., Cominsky, L.R., Walker, A.R., Robertson BSC simultaneous IR and X-ray burst observation of SER X-1. Nature 287, 27–28 (1980). doi:10.1038/287027a0
Lewin, W.H.G., van Paradijs, J., Taam, R.E.: X-Ray bursts. Space Sci. Rev. 62, 223–389 (1993). doi:10.1007/BF00196124
Lewin, W.H.G., van Paradijs, J., Taam, R.E.: X-ray bursts. In: Lewin, W.H.G., van Paradijs, J., van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (eds.) X-ray binaries, pp. 175–232. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)
Lewis, R.S., Ming, T., Wacker, J.F., Anders, E., Steel, E.: Interstellar diamonds in meteorites. Nature 326, 160–162 (1987). doi:10.1038/326160a0
Liu, Q.Z., van Paradijs, J., van den Heuvel, E.P.J.: A catalogue of low-mass X-ray binaries in the Galaxy, LMC, and SMC (Fourth edition). A&A 469, 807–810 (2007). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077303, 0707.0544
Livio, M.: Classical novae and the extragalactic distance scale. ApJ 393, 516–522 (1992). doi:10.1086/171524
Livio, M.: Topics in the theory of cataclysmic variables and X-ray binaries. In: Shore, S.N., Livio, M., van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (eds.) Saas-Fee Advanced Course 22: Interacting Binaries, pp. 135–262. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (1994)
Lodders, K.: Presolar grains from meteorites: Remnants from the early times of the solar system. Chemie der Erde/Geochemistry 65, 93–166 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.chemer.2005.01.001, arXiv:astro-ph/0501430
Lugaro, M., Davis, A.M., Gallino, R., Pellin, M.J., Straniero, O., Käppeler, F.: Isotopic compositions of strontium, zirconium, molybdenum, and barium in single presolar SiC grains and asymptotic giant branch stars. ApJ 593, 486–508 (2003). doi:10.1086/376442
MacAlpine, G.M., Ecklund, T.C., Lester, W.R., Vanderveer, S.J., Strolger, L.: A spectroscopic study of nuclear processing and the production of anomalously strong lines in the crab nebula. AJ 133, 81–88 (2007). doi:10.1086/509504, arXiv:astro-ph/0609803
Mahoney, W.A., Ling, J.C., Jacobson, A.S., Lingenfelter, R.E.: Diffuse galactic gamma-ray line emission from nucleosynthetic Fe-60, Al-26, and Na-22 - Preliminary limits from HEAO 3. ApJ 262, 742–748 (1982). doi:10.1086/160469
Maraschi, L., Cavaliere, A.: X-ray bursts of nuclear origin? In: X-ray Binaries and Compact Objects, pp. 127–128 (1977)
Matteucci, F., Raiteri, C.M., Busson, M., Gallino, R., Gratton, R.: Constraints on the nucleosynthesis of CU and Zn from models of chemical evolutino of the Galaxy. A&A 272, 421–429 (1993)
Mazurek, T.J., Wheeler, J.C.: Thermonuclear explosions in stars. Fundam. Cosmic Phys. 5, 193–286 (1980)
McClintock, J.E., Canizares, C.R., Cominsky, L., Li, F.K., Lewin, W.H.G., van Paradijs, J., Grindlay, J.E.: A 3-s delay in an optical burst from X-ray burst source MXB1735-44. Nature 279, 47–49 (1979). doi:10.1038/279047a0
Messenger, S., Keller, L.P., Lauretta, D.S.: Supernova olivine from cometary dust. Science 309, 737–741 (2005). doi:10.1126/science.1109602
Messenger, S., Keller, L.P., Stadermann, F.J., Walker, R.M., Zinner, E.: Samples of stars beyond the solar system: silicate grains in interplanetary dust. Science 300, 105–108 (2003). doi:10.1126/science.1080576
Metzger, B.D., Piro, A.L., Quataert, E.: Nickel-rich outflows from accretion discs formed by the accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs. MNRAS 396, 1659–1664 (2009). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.14909.x, 0812.3656
Meyer, B.S., Zinner, E.: Nucleosynthesis, pp. 69–108. The University of Arizona Space Science Series, Tucson (2006)
Milne, P.A., The, L., Leising, M.D.: Late Light Curves of Type Ia Supernovae. ApJ 559, 1019–1031 (2001). doi:10.1086/322352, arXiv:astro-ph/0104185
Minkowski, R.: Spectra of supernovae. PASP 53, 224–225 (1941). doi:10.1086/125315
Mostefaoui, S., Hoppe, P.: Discovery of abundant in situ silicate and spinel grains from red giant stars in a primtive meteorite. ApJ 613, L149–L152 (2004). doi:10.1086/424842
Nguyen, A.N., Zinner, E.: Discovery of ancient silicate stardust in a meteorite. Science 303, 1496–1499 (2004). doi:10.1126/science.1094389
Niemeyer, J.C., Woosley, S.E.: The thermonuclear explosion of chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs. ApJ 475, 740–753 (1997). doi:10.1086/303544, arXiv:astro-ph/9607032
Nittler, L.R.: Presolar oxide grains in meteorites. In: Bernatowicz, T.J., Zinner, E. (eds.) Astrophysical implications of the laboratory study of presolar materials, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 402, pp. 59–82. American Institute of Physics, New York (1997). doi:10.1063/1.53320
Nittler, L.R., Alexander, C.M.O., Gallino, R., Hoppe, P., Nguyen, A.N., Stadermann, F.J., Zinner, E.K.: Aluminum-, calcium- and titanium-rich oxide stardust in ordinary chondrite meteorites. ApJ 682, 1450–1478 (2008). doi:10.1086/589430, 0804.2866
Nittler, L.R., Alexander, C.M.O., Gao, X., Walker, R.M., Zinner, E.: Stellar sapphires: the properties and origins of presolar AL 2O 3 in meteorites. ApJ 483, 475–495 (1997). doi:10.1086/304234
Nittler, L.R., Alexander, C.M.O., Nguyen, A.N.: Extreme 13C and 15 N enrichments in a murchison presolar SiC grain. Meteorit. Planet. Sci. Suppl. 41, 5316–5316 (2006)
Nittler, L.R., Alexander, C.M.O., Wang, J., Gao, X.: Meteoritic oxide grain from supernova found. Nature 393, 222–222 (1998). doi:10.1038/30377
Nittler, L.R., Hoppe, P.: Are presolar silicon carbide grains from novae actually from supernovae? ApJ 631, L89–L92 (2005). doi:10.1086/497029
Nittler, L.R., Hoppe, P., Alexander, C.M.O., Amari, S., Eberhardt, P., Gao, X., Lewis, R.S., Strebel, R., Walker, R.M., Zinner, E.: Silicon nitride from supernovae. ApJ 453, L25–L28 (1995). doi:10.1086/309743
Nittler, L.R., O’D Alexander, C.M., Gao, X., Walker, R.M., Zinner, E.K.: Interstellar oxide grains from the Tieschitz ordinary chondrite. Nature 370, 443–446 (1994). doi:10.1038/ 370443a0
Nofar, I., Shaviv, G., Starrfield, S.: The formation of Al-26 in nova explosions. ApJ 369, 440–450 (1991). doi:10.1086/169772
Nomoto, K.: Accreting white dwarf models for type 1 supernovae. II – Off-center detonation supernovae. ApJ 257, 780–792 (1982). doi:10.1086/160031
Nomoto, K., Kondo, Y.: Conditions for accretion-induced collapse of white dwarfs. ApJ 367, L19–L22 (1991). doi:10.1086/185922
Nomoto, K., Sugimoto, D., Neo, S.: Carbon deflagration supernova, an alternative to carbon detonation. Ap&SS 39, L37–L42 (1976). doi:10.1007/BF00648354
Nomoto, K., Thielemann, F., Yokoi, K.: Accreting white dwarf models of type I supernovae. III – Carbon deflagration supernovae. ApJ 286, 644–658 (1984). doi:10.1086/162639
Ore, A., Powell, J.L.: Three-photon annihilation of an electron-positron pair. Phys. Rev. 75, 1696–1699 (1949). doi:10.1103/PhysRev.75.1696
Orio, M., Covington, J., Ögelman, H.: X-ray emission from classical and recurrent novae observed with ROSAT. A&A 373, 542–554 (2001). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20010537, arXiv:astroph/0104219
Ott, U., Begemann, F.: Discovery of s-process barium in the Murchison meteorite. ApJ 353, L57–L60 (1990). doi:10.1086/185707
Page, D., Cumming, A.: Superbursts from strange stars. ApJ 635, L157–L160 (2005). doi:10.1086/499520, arXiv:astro-ph/0508444
Parikh, A., José, J., Moreno, F., Iliadis, C.: The effects of variations in nuclear processes on type I x-ray burst nucleosynthesis. ApJS 178, 110–136 (2008). doi:10.1086/589879, 0802.2819
Payne Gaposchkin, C.H.: The galactic novae. Interscience Publishers, New York (1957)
Pellin, M.J., Davis, A.M., Lewis, R.S., Amari, S., Clayton, R.N.: Molybdenum isotopic composition of single silicon carbide grains from supernovae. In: Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts, Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts, vol. 30, abstract 1969 (1999)
Perlmutter, S., Gabi, S., Goldhaber, G., Goobar, A., Groom, D.E., Hook, I.M., Kim, A.G., Kim, M.Y., Lee, J.C., Pain, R., Pennypacker, C.R., Small, I.A., Ellis, R.S., McMahon, R.G., Boyle, B.J., Bunclark, P.S., Carter, D., Irwin, M.J., Glazebrook, K., Newberg, H.J.M., Filippenko, A.V., Matheson, T., Dopita, M., Couch, W.J., The supernova cosmology project measurements of the cosmological parameters omega and lambda from the first seven supernovae at Z _ 0.35. ApJ 483, 565–581 (1997). doi:10.1086/304265, arXiv:astro-ph/9608192
Phillips, M.M.: The absolute magnitudes of Type IA supernovae. ApJ 413, L105–L108 (1993). doi:10.1086/186970
Phillips, M.M., Wells, L.A., Suntzeff, N.B., Hamuy, M., Leibundgut, B., Kirshner, R.P., Foltz, C.B.: SN 1991T – Further evidence of the heterogeneous nature of type IA supernovae. AJ 103, 1632–1637 (1992). doi:10.1086/116177
Piersanti, L., Gagliardi, S., Iben, I., Jr., Tornambé, A.: Carbon-oxygen white dwarf accreting co-rich matter. II. Self-regulating accretion process up to the explosive stage. ApJ 598, 1229–1238 (2003a). doi:10.1086/378952
Piersanti, L, Gagliardi, S., Iben, I. Jr., Tornambé, A.: Carbon-oxygen white dwarfs accreting co-rich matter. I. A comparison between rotating and nonrotating models. ApJ 583, 885–901 (2003b). doi:10.1086/345444, arXiv:astro-ph/0210624
Pietsch, W., Haberl, F.: XMM-newton detection of type I x-ray bursts inM31. A&A 430, L45–L48 (2005). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200400128, arXiv:astro-ph/0412373
Pinto, P.A., Eastman, R.G., Rogers, T.: A test for the nature of the type IA supernova explosion mechanism. ApJ 551, 231–243 (2001). doi:10.1086/320059, arXiv:astro-ph/0008330
Politano, M., Starrfield, S., Truran, J.W., Weiss, A., Sparks, W.M.: Hydrodynamic studies of accretion onto massive white dwarfs: ONeMg-enriched nova outbursts. I. Dependence on white dwarf mass. ApJ 448, 807–821 (1995). doi:10.1086/176009
Pozdnyakov, L.A., Sobol, I.M., Syunyaev, R.A.: Comptonization and the shaping of X-ray source spectra – Monte Carlo calculations. Astrophys. Space Phys. Rev. 2, 189–331 (1983)
Prantzos, N., Diehl, R.: Radioactive 26Al in the galaxy: observations versus theory. Phys. Rep. 267, 1–69 (1996). doi:10.1016/0370-1573(95)00055-0
Prialnik, D., Kovetz, A.: The effect of diffusion on prenova evolution – CNO-enriched envelopes. ApJ 281, 367–374 (1984). doi:10.1086/162107
Prialnik, D., Kovetz, A.: An extended grid of multicycle nova evolution models. ApJ 445, 789–810 (1995). doi:10.1086/175741
Prialnik, D., Shara, M.M., Shaviv, G.: The evolution of a slow nova model with a Z = 0.03 envelope from pre-explosion to extinction. A&A 62, 339–348 (1978)
Prialnik, D., Shara, M.M., Shaviv, G.: The evolution of a fast nova model with a Z = 0.03 envelope from pre-explosion to decline. A&A 72, 192–203 (1979)
Pskovskii, I.P.: Light curves, color curves, and expansion velocity of type I supernovae as functions of the rate of brightness decline. Sov. Astron. 21, 675–682 (1977)
Rakowski, C.E., Badenes, C., Gaensler, B.M., Gelfand, J.D., Hughes, J.P., Slane, P.O.: Can ejectadominated supernova remnants be typed from their x-ray spectra? The case of G337.2-0.7. ApJ 646, 982–1000 (2006). doi:10.1086/505018, arXiv:astro-ph/0604246
Rauch, T., Suleimanov, V., Werner, K.: Absorption features in the spectra of X-ray bursting neutron stars. A&A 490, 1127–1134 (2008). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810129, 0809.2170
Riess, A.G., Press, W.H., Kirshner, R.P.: A precise distance indicator: type IA supernova multicolor light-curve shapes. ApJ 473, 88–109 (1996). doi:10.1086/178129, arXiv:astro-ph/9604143
Riess, A.G., Filippenko, A.V., Li, W., Treffers, R.R., Schmidt, B.P., Qiu, Y., Hu, J., Armstrong, M., Faranda, C., Thouvenot, E., Buil, C.: The rise time of nearby type IA supernovae. AJ 118, 2675–2688 (1999). doi:10.1086/301143, arXiv:astro-ph/9907037
Ritossa, C., García-Berro, E., Iben, I. Jr.: On the evolution of stars that form electrondegenerate cores processed by carbon burning. II. Isotope abundances and thermal pulses in a 10 Msun model with an ONe core and applications to long-period variables, classical novae, and accretion-induced collapse. ApJ 460, 489–505 (1996). doi:10.1086/176987
Romano, D., Matteucci, F., Molaro, P., Bonifacio, P.: The galactic lithium evolution revisited. A&A 352, 117–128 (1999) arXiv:astro-ph/9910151
Röpke, F.K., Hillebrandt, W., Niemeyer, J.C., Woosley, S.E.: Multi-spot ignition in type Ia supernova models. A&A 448, 1–14 (2006). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053926, arXiv:astro-ph/0510474
Rosswog, S., Ramirez-Ruiz, E., Hix, W.R.: Tidal disruption and Ignition of white dwarfs by moderately massive black holes. ApJ 695, 404–419 (2009). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/1/404, 0808.2143
Ruiz-Lapuente, P., Cappellaro, E., Turatto, M., Gouiffes, C., Danziger, I.J., Della Valle, M., Lucy, L.B.: Modeling the iron-dominated spectra of the type IA supernova SN 1991T at premaximum. ApJ 387, L33–L36 (1992). doi:10.1086/186299
Salaris, M., Domínguez, I., García-Berro, E., Hernanz, M., Isern, J., Mochkovitch, R.: The cooling of CO white dwarfs: influence of the internal chemical distribution. ApJ 486, 413–419 (1997). doi:10.1086/304483, arXiv:astro-ph/9704038
Schatz, H., Aprahamian, A., Barnard, V., Bildsten, L., Cumming, A., Ouellette, M., Rauscher, T., Thielemann, F., Wiescher, M.: End point of the rp process on accreting neutron stars. Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3471–3474 (2001). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.86.3471, arXiv:astro-ph/0102418
Schatz, H., Aprahamian, A., Goerres, J., Wiescher, M., Rauscher, T., Rembges, J.F., Thielemann, F., Pfeiffer, B., Moeller, P., Kratz, K., Herndl, H., Brown, B.A., Rebel, H.: rp-process nucleosynthesis at extreme temperature and density conditions. Phys. Rep. 294, 167–264 (1998). doi:10.1016/S0370-1573(97)00048-3
Schatz, H., Bildsten, L., Cumming, A., Wiescher, M.: The rapid proton process ashes from stable nuclear burning on an accreting neutron star. ApJ 524, 1014–1029 (1999). doi:10.1086/307837, arXiv:astro-ph/9905274
Schmidt, W., Niemeyer, J.C.: Thermonuclear supernova simulations with stochastic ignition. A&A 446, 627–633 (2006). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20054145, arXiv:astro-ph/0510427
Schmidt, W., Niemeyer, J.C., Hillebrandt, W., Röpke, F.K.: A localised subgrid scale model for fluid dynamical simulations in astrophysics. II. Application to type Ia supernovae. A&A 450, 283–294 (2006). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053618, arXiv:astro-ph/0601500
Senziani, F., Skinner, G.K., Jean, P., Hernanz, M.: Detectability of gamma-ray emission from classical novae with Swift/BAT. A&A 485, 223–231 (2008). doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:200809863 277
Shafter, A.W.: On the nova rate in the galaxy. ApJ 487, 226–236 (1997). doi:10.1086/304609
Shafter, A.W.: The galactic nova rate. In: Hernanz, M., José, J. (eds.) Classical Nova Explosions, American Institute of Physics Conference Series, vol. 637, pp. 462–471. American Institute of Physics, New York (2002). doi:10.1063/1.1518246
Shafter, A.W.: Extragalactic novae. In: Bode, M.F., Evans, A. (eds.) Classical Novae, Second Edition, pp. 335–359. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008) 246
Shafter, A.W., Ciardullo, R., Pritchet, C.J.: Novae in external galaxies: M51, M87, and M101. ApJ 530, 193–206 (2000). doi:10.1086/308349
Shara, M.M.: Localized thermonuclear runaways and volcanoes on degenerate dwarf stars. ApJ 261, 649–660 (1982). doi:10.1086/160376
Shore, S.N., Schwarz, G., Bond, H.E., Downes, R.A., Starrfield, S., Evans, A., Gehrz, R.D., Hauschildt, P.H., Krautter, J., Woodward, C.E.: The early ultraviolet evolution of the ONeMg nova V382 velorum 1999. AJ 125, 1507–1518 (2003). doi:10.1086/367803, arXiv:astro-ph/0301415
Smale, A.P.: A second intense burst with photospheric radius expansion from X2127+119 in M15. ApJ 562, 957–962 (2001). doi:10.1086/323517, arXiv:astro-ph/0107593
Starrfield, S.: Thermonuclear processes and the classical nova outburst. In: Classical Novae, pp. 39–60. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, New York (1989)
Starrfield, S., Iliadis, C., Hix, W.R., Timmes, F.X., Sparks, W.M.: The effects of the pep nuclear reaction and other improvements in the nuclear reaction rate library on simulations of the classical nova outburst. ApJ 692, 1532–1542 (2009). doi:10.1088/0004-637X/692/2/1532, 0811.0197
Starrfield, S., lliadis, C., Hix, W.R.: Thermonuclear processes. In: Bode, M.F., Evans, A. (eds.) Classical Novae, Second Edition, pp. 77–101. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008) 286
Starrfield, S., Shore, S.N., Sparks, W.M., Sonneborn, G., Truran, J.W., Politano, M.: A prediction of the gamma-ray flux from Nova Herculis 1991. ApJ 391, L71–L74 (1992). doi:10.1086/186401
Starrfield, S., Truran, J.W., Sparks, W.M. CNO abundances and hydrodynamic studies of the Nova outburst. V – 1.00-solar-mass models with small mass envelopes. ApJ 226, 186–202 (1978a). doi:10.1086/156598
Starrfield, S., Truran, J.W., Politano, M., Sparks, W.M., Nofar, I., Shaviv, G. 22Na and 26Al production in nova outbursts. Phys. Rep. 227, 223–234 (1993). doi:10.1016/0370-1573(93)90067-N
Starrfield, S., Truran, J.W., Sparks, W.M., Arnould, M. On Li-7 production in nova explosions. ApJ 222, 600–603 (1978b). doi:10.1086/156175
Starrfield, S., Truran, J.W., Wiescher, M.C., Sparks, W.M.: Evolutionary sequences for Nova V1974 Cygni using new nuclear reaction rates and opacities. MNRAS 296, 502–522 (1998). doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.1998.01312.x
Stritzinger, M., Leibundgut, B., Walch, S., Contardo, G.: Constraints on the progenitor systems of type Ia supernovae. A&A 450, 241–251 (2006). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053652, arXiv:astroph/0506415
Strohmayer, T., Bildsten, L.: New views of thermonuclear bursts, pp. 113–156. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2006)
Strohmayer, T.E., Brown, E.F.: A Remarkable 3 Hour Thermonuclear Burst from 4U 1820-30. ApJ 566, 1045–1059 (2002). doi:10.1086/338337 242
Strohmayer, T.E., Zhang, W., Swank, J.H., Smale, A., Titarchuk, L., Day, C., Lee, U.: Millisecond x-ray variability from an accreting neutron star system. ApJ 469, L9–L12 (1996). doi:10.1086/310261
Swank, J.H., Becker, R.H., Boldt, E.A., Holt, S.S., Pravdo, S.H., Serlemitsos, P.J.: Spectral evolution of a long X-ray burst. ApJ 212, L73–L76 (1977). doi:10.1086/182378
Taam, R.E.: X-ray bursts from thermonuclear runaways on accreting neutron stars. ApJ 241, 358–366 (1980). doi:10.1086/158348
Taam, R.E., Picklum, R.E.: Nuclear fusion and carbon flashes on neutron stars. ApJ 224, 210–216 (1978). doi:10.1086/156367
Tammann, G.A.: On the frequency of supernovae as a function of the integral properties of inter mediate and late type spiral galaxies. A&A 8, 458–475 (1970)
Tan, W.P., Fisker, J.L., Görres, J., Couder, M., Wiescher, M.: O15(α, γ)Ne19 breakout reaction and impact on x-ray bursts. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98(24), 242503/1-242503/4 (2007). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.242503, 0706.2349
Tang, M., Anders, E.: Interstellar silicon carbide - How much older than the solar system? ApJ 335, L31–L34 (1988). doi:10.1086/185333
Thielemann, F., Brachwitz, F., Freiburghaus, C., Kolbe, E., Martinez-Pinedo, G., Rauscher, T., Rembges, F., Hix, W.R., Liebendörfer, M., Mezzacappa, A., Kratz, K., Pfeiffer, B., Langanke, K., Nomoto, K., Rosswog, S., Schatz, H., Wiescher, W.: Element synthesis in stars. Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 46, 5–22 (2001). doi:10.1016/S0146-6410(01)00103-X, arXiv:astro-ph/0101476
Thielemann, F., Brachwitz, F., Höflich, P., Martinez-Pinedo, G., Nomoto, K.: The physics of type Ia supernovae. New Astron. Rev. 48, 605–610 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.newar.2003.12.038
Timmes, F.X., Woosley, S.E.: The conductive propagation of nuclear flames. I – degenerate C + O and O + NE + MG white dwarfs. ApJ 396, 649–667 (1992). doi:10.1086/171746
Truran, J.W., Arnett, W.D., Cameron, A.G.W.: Nucleosynthesis in supernova shock waves. Can. J. Phys. 45, 2315–2319 (1967)
van den Bergh, S., Tammann, G.A.: Galactic and extragalactic supernova rates. ARA&A 29, 363–407 (1991). doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.29.090191.002051
van Horn, H.M., Hansen, C.J.: A model for the transient x-ray sources. ApJ 191, 479–482 (1974). doi:10.1086/152987
van Paradijs, J., McClintock, J.E.: Optical and ultraviolet observations of x-ray binaries. In: Lewin, W.H.G., van Paradijs, J., van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (eds.) X-ray Binaries, pp. 58–125. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)
Villarreal, A.R., Strohmayer, T.E.: Discovery of the neutron star spin frequency in EXO 0748-676. ApJ 614, L121–L124 (2004). doi:10.1086/425737, arXiv:astro-ph/0409384
Waki, I., Inoue, H., Koyama, K., Matsuoka, M., Murakami, T., Ogawara, Y., Ohashi, T., Tanaka, Y., Hayakawa, S., Tawara, Y., Miyamoto, S., Tsunemi, H., Kondo, I.: Discovery of absorption lines in X-ray burst spectra from X1636-536. PASJ 36, 819–830 (1984)
Walker, M.F.: Nova DQ Herculis (1934): an eclipsing binary with very short period. PASP 66, 230–232 (1954). doi:10.1086/126703
Ward, R.A., Fowler, W.A.: Thermalization of long-lived nuclear isomeric states under stellar conditions. ApJ 238, 266–286 (1980). doi:10.1086/157983
Warner, B.: Cataclysmic Variable Stars. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)
Webbink, R.F.: Double white dwarfs as progenitors of R Coronae Borealis stars and Type I supernovae. ApJ 277, 355–360 (1984). doi:10.1086/161701
Weinberg, N.N., Bildsten, L.: Carbon detonation and shock-triggered helium burning in neutron star superbursts. ApJ 670, 1291–1300 (2007). doi:10.1086/522111, 0706.3062
Weinberg, N.N., Bildsten, L., Schatz, H.: Exposing the nuclear burning ashes of radius expansion type I x-ray bursts. ApJ 639, 1018–1032 (2006). doi:10.1086/499426, arXiv:astro-ph/0511247
Weiss, A., Truran, J.W.: Na-22 and Al-26 production and nucleosynthesis in novae explosions. A&A 238, 178–186 (1990)
Wheeler, J.C., Harkness, R.P.: Type I supernovae. Rep. Prog. Phys. 53, 1467–1557 (1990). doi:10.1088/0034-4885/53/12/001
Whelan, J., Iben, I. Jr.: Binaries and supernovae of type I. ApJ 186, 1007–1014 (1973). doi:10.1086/152565
White, N.E., Nagase, F., Parmar, A.N.: The properties of X-ray binaries. In: Lewin, W.H.G., van Paradijs, J., van den Heuvel, E.P.J. (eds.) X-Ray Binaries, pp. 1–57. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1995)
Wiescher, M., Gorres, J., Thielemann, F., Ritter, H.: Explosive hydrogen burning in novae. A&A 160, 56–72 (1986)
Wijnands, R.: Recurrent very long type I x-ray bursts in the low-mass x-ray binary 4U 1636-53. ApJ 554, L59–L62 (2001). doi:10.1086/320922, arXiv:astro-ph/0103125
Williams, R.E.: The formation of novae spectra. AJ 104, 725–733 (1992). doi:10.1086/116268
Woosley, S.E.: Nucleosynthesis and stellar evolution. In: Audouze, J., Chiosi, C., Woosley, S.E. (eds.) Saas-Fee Advanced Course 16: Nucleosynthesis and Chemical Evolution, pp. 1–109. Geneva Observatory, Sauverny (1986)
Woosley, S.E., Heger, A., Cumming, A., Hoffman, R.D., Pruet, J., Rauscher, T., Fisker, J.L., Schatz, H., Brown, B.A., Wiescher, M.: Models for type I x-ray bursts with improved nuclear physics. ApJS 151, 75–102 (2004). doi:10.1086/381533, arXiv:astro-ph/0307425
Woosley, S.E., Taam, R.E.: Gamma-ray bursts from thermonuclear explosions on neutron stars. Nature 263, 101–103 (1976). doi:10.1038/263101a0
Woosley, S.E., Weaver, T.A.: The physics of supernova explosions. ARA&A 24, 205–253 (1986). doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.24.090186.001225
Yaron, O., Prialnik, D., Shara, M.M., Kovetz, A.: an extended grid of nova models. II. The parameter space of nova outbursts. ApJ 623, 398–410 (2005). doi:10.1086/428435, arXiv:astroph/0503143
Yoon, S., Langer, N.: On the evolution of rapidly rotating massive white dwarfs towards supernovae or collapses. A&A 435, 967–985 (2005). doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20042542, arXiv:astroph/0502133
Zingale, M., Dursi, L.J.: Propagation of the first flames in type Ia supernovae. ApJ 656, 333–346 (2007). doi:10.1086/510306, arXiv:astro-ph/0610297
Zingale, M., Timmes, F.X., Fryxell, B., Lamb, D.Q., Olson, K., Calder, A.C., Dursi, L.J., Ricker, P., Rosner, R., MacNeice, P., Tufo, H.M.: Helium detonations on neutron stars. ApJS 133, 195–220 (2001). doi:10.1086/319182
Zinner, E.K.: Presolar Grains, pp 17–40. Elsevier B, Amsterdam (2005)
Zwicky, F.: On collapsed neutron stars. ApJ 88, 522–525 (1938). doi:10.1086/144003
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2011 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Isern, J., Hernanz, M., José, J. (2011). Binary Systems and Their Nuclear Explosions. In: Diehl, R., Hartmann, D., Prantzos, N. (eds) Astronomy with Radioactivities. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 812. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12698-7_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12698-7_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12697-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12698-7
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)