Abstract
Raman spectroscopy in combination with optical microscopy provides a new non-invasive method to examine and image cellular processes. Based on the spectral parameters of a cell’s components it is possible to image cellular organelles, such as the nucleus, chromatin, mitochondria, or lipid bodies, at the resolution of conventional microscopy. Several multivariate or spectral de-mixing algorithms, for example, hierarchical cluster analysis or orthogonal subspace projection, may be used to reconstruct an image of a cell. The non-invasive character of the technique as well as the associated chemical information may offer advantages over other imaging techniques such as fluorescence microscopy. Currently of particular interest are the uptake and intracellular fate of various pharmaceutical nanocarriers, which are widely used for drug delivery purposes, including intracellular drug and gene delivery. We have imaged the uptake and distribution patterns of several carrier systems over time. In order to distinguish the species of interest from their cellular environment spectroscopically, the carrier particles or the drug load itself may be labeled with deuterium. The first part of the chapter will briefly introduce the concept of Raman imaging in combination with multivariate data analysis on some simple cell models, after which the results of the uptake studies are discussed.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
K. Schenke-Layland, I. Riemann, O. Damour, U. Stock, K. König, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 58(7), 878 (2006)
K. König, J. Microsc. 200(2), 83 (2000)
A. García-Sáez, P. Schwille, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 76(2), 257 (2007)
T. Kohl, P. Schwille, Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 95, 107 (2005)
N. Sijtsema, A. Tibbe, I. Segers-Nolten, A. Verhoeven, R. Weening, J. Greve, C. Otto, Biophys. J. 78(5), 2606 (2000)
C. Otto, N. Sijtsema, J. Greve, Eur. Biophys. J. 27(6), 582 (1998)
H.J. van Manen, Y. Kraan, D. Roos, C. Otto, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102(29), 10159 (2005)
B. Wood, L. Hammer, L. Davis, D. McNaughton, J. Biomed. Opt. 10(1), 014005 (2005)
S. Verrier, I. Notingher, J. Polak, L.L. Hench, Biopolymers 74(1–2), 157 (2004)
K. Nithipatikom, M.J. McCoy, S. Hawi, K. Nakamoto, F. Adar, W. Campbell, Anal. Biochem. 322, 198 (2003)
N. Uzunbajakava, A. Lenferink, Y. Kraan, E. Volokhina, G. Vrensen, J. Greve, C. Otto, Biophys. J. 84(6), 3968 (2003)
N. Uzunbajakava, C. Otto, Opt. Lett. 2073–2075(28), 21 (2003)
C. Matthäus, S. Boydston-White, M. Miljković, M. Romeo, M. Diem, Appl. Spectrosc. 60(1), 1 (2006)
N. Sijtsema, C. Otto, G. Segers-Nolten, A. Verhoeven, J. Greve, Biophys. J. 74(6), 3250 (1998)
B. Wood, D. McNaughton, Expert Rev. Proteomics 3, 525 (2006)
A. Feofanov, A. Grinchine, L. Shitova, T. Karmakova, R. Yakubovskaya, M. Egret-Charlier, P. Vigny, Biophys. J. 78(1), 499 (2000)
S. Arzhantsev, A. Chikishev, N. Koroteev, J. Greeve, C. Otto, N. Sijtsema, J. Raman Spectrosc. 30, 205 (1999)
C. Krafft, T. Knetschke, R. Funk, R. Salzer, Anal. Chem. 78(13), 4424 (2006)
C. Matthäus, T. Chernenko, J. Newmark, C. Warner, M. Diem, Biophys. J. 93(2), 668 (2007)
N. Keshava, Lincoln Lab. J. 14(1), 55 (2003)
J. Nascimento, J. Bioucas Dias, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 43(4), 898 (2005)
V. Torchilin, Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 8, 343 (2006)
C. Krafft, M. Kirsch, C. Beleites, G. Schackert, R. Salzer, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 389(4), 1133 (2007)
B. de Jong, T. Schut, K. Maquelin, T. van der Kwast, C. Bangma, D. Kok, G. Puppels, Anal. Chem. 78(22), 7761 (2006)
C. Krishna, G. Sockalingum, R. Bhat, L. Venteo, P. Kushtagi, M. Pluot, M. Manfait, Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 387(5), 1649 (2007)
C. Chang, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 43(3), 502 (2005)
S. Dipali, S. Kulkarni, G. Betageri, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 48(11), 1112 (1996)
W. Liang, T. Levchenko, V. Torchilin, J. Microencapsul. 21, 151 (2004)
V. Torchilin, T. Levchenko, A. Lukyanov, B. Kwah, A. Klibanov, R. Rammohan, G. Samokhin, K. Whiteman, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1511, 397 (2001)
D. Shenoy, M. Amiji, Int. J. Pharm. 293(1–2), 261 (2005)
D. Naumann, Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 36(2–3), 239 (2001)
T. Spiro, Biological Applications of Raman Spectroscopy, vol. 1 (Wiley, 1987)
C. Yu, E. Gestl, K. Eckert, D. Allara, J. Irudayaraj, Cancer Detect. Prev. 30(6), 515 (2006)
K. Short, S. Carpenter, J. Freyer, J. Mourant, Biophys. J. 88(6), 4274 (2005)
T. Collins, M. Bootman, J. Exp. Biol. 206(12), 1993 (2003)
C. Matthäus, T. Chernenko, L. Quintero, L. Milane, A. Kale, M. Amiji, V. Torchilin, M. Diem, Biophotonics: Photonic Solutions for Better Health Care, chap. Raman microscopic imaging of cells and applications monitoring the uptake of drug delivery systems (SPIE, Strasbourg, France, 2008).
J. van Blerkom, Reproduction 128, 269 (2004)
C. Warner, J. Newmark, M. Comiskey, S. De Fazio, D. O’Malley, M. Rajadhyaksha, D. Townsend, S. McKnight, B. Roysam, P. Dwyer, C. DiMarzio, Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 16, 729 (2004)
V. Torchilin, Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(Supplement 2), S81 (2000)
V. Torchilin, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 57(1), 95 (2005)
C. Plank, W. Zauner, E. Wagner, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 34(1), 21 (1998)
G. Kaul, M. Amiji, Pharm. Res. 22(6), 951 (2005)
J. Panyam, V. Labhasetwar, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 55(3), 329 (2003)
J. Chawla, M. Amiji, Int. J. Pharm. 249(1–2), 127 (2002)
V. Torchilin, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 4, 145 (2005)
L. Serpe, M. Guido, R. Canaparo, E. Muntoni, R. Cavalli, P. Panzanelli, C. Della Pepal, A. Bargoni, A. Mauro, M. Gasco, M. Eandi, G. Zara, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6(9–10), 3062 (2006)
N. Rao, V. Gopal, Biosci. Rep. 26(4), 301 (2006)
U. Huth, R. Schubert, R. Peschka-Süss, J. Control. Release 110(3), 490 (2006)
J. Wadia, R. Stan, S. Dowdy, Nat. Med. 10(3), 310 (2004)
C. Matthäus, A. Kale, T. Chernenko, V. Torchilin, M. Diem, Mol. Pharm. 5(2), 287 (2008)
J. Kristl, B. Volk, P. Ahlin, K. Gombac, M. Sentjurc, Int. J. Pharm. 256, 133 (2003)
J. Wojewodzka, G. Pazdzior, M. Langner, Chem. Phys. Lipids 135(2), 181 (2005)
C. Palmerini, C. Cametti, S. Sennato, D. Gaudino, E. Carlini, F. Bordi, G. Arienti, J. Membr. Biol. 211, 185 (2006)
E. Kang, J. Robinson, K. Park, J. Cheng, J. Control. Release 122(3), 261 (2007)
A. Belu, C. Mahoney, K. Wormuth, J. Control. Release 126(2), 111 (2008)
D. Edwards, J. Hanes, G. Caponetti, J. Hrkach, A. Ben-Jebria, M. Eskew, J. Mintzes, D. Deaver, N. Lotan, R. Langer, Science 276(5320), 1868 (1997)
L. Siskind, J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 37(3), 143 (2005)
A. Struckhoff, R. Bittman, M. Burow, S. Clejan, S. Elliott, T. Hammond, Y. Tang, B. Beckman, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 309(2), 523 (2004)
E. Gulbins, H. Grassmé, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1585(2–3), 139 (2002)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Matthäus, C. et al. (2010). Raman Micro-spectral Imaging of Cells and Intracellular Drug Delivery Using Nanocarrier Systems. In: Dieing, T., Hollricher, O., Toporski, J. (eds) Confocal Raman Microscopy. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 158. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12522-5_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12522-5_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12521-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12522-5
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)