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A Molecular Overview of Diapause in Embryos of the Crustacean, Artemia franciscana

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Dormancy and Resistance in Harsh Environments

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Genetics ((TCG,volume 21))

Abstract

Diapause-destined embryos of Artemia franciscana arrest as gastrulae and are enclosed within a chitinous shell to form cysts. Upon release from females encysted embryos enter diapause, becoming essentially ametabolic and very stress tolerant. An objective of our research is to characterize the molecular mechanisms of diapause initiation and maintenance. Subtractive hybridization was therefore used to identify up-regulated genes in diapause-destined Artemia embryos and these were divided into functional categories including cellular growth and stress tolerance, metabolism, and genetic and environmental information processing. Of particular interest mRNA for p8, a stress-inducible transcription co-factor, increased early in diapause-destined Artemia embryos, representing one of the few transcription co-factors known to be up-regulated during diapause. mRNAs encoding the three small heat shock proteins p26, ArHsp21, and ArHsp22 were also up-regulated and these proteins may promote diapause maintenance by enhancing stress tolerance. The work has revealed proteins potentially crucial to diapause, a physiological condition of fundamental and applied significance.

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Acknowledgment

Research described in this chapter was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Discovery Grant to T.H.M.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4J1, Canada

    Zhijun Qiu & Thomas H. MacRae

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  1. Zhijun Qiu
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  2. Thomas H. MacRae
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Correspondence to Thomas H. MacRae .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Re, Haifa, 31080, Israel

    Esther Lubzens

  2. Tecnologia Agroalimentaries, Center of Aquaculture, IRTA Institut de Recerca i, Ctra. Poble Nou km 6, San Carlos de la Rapita, 43540, Spain

    Joan Cerda

  3. , Ecosystems, British Antarctic Survey, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, United Kingdom

    Melody Clark

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Qiu, Z., MacRae, T.H. (2010). A Molecular Overview of Diapause in Embryos of the Crustacean, Artemia franciscana . In: Lubzens, E., Cerda, J., Clark, M. (eds) Dormancy and Resistance in Harsh Environments. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 21. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12422-8_10

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