Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of gradient and payload correction factors used within a CO2 emission model on the solutions to shortest path and travelling salesman problems when applied to freight delivery.
Problem instances based on real life examples using the road network of Scotland are studied. Solutions are obtained using a range of metrics and vehicles. The results are compared to determine if the inclusion of gradient and payload as inputs to the emission model have any influence on the final routes taken by vehicles or the order of visiting customers. For the problem instances studied no significant influence was found. However for vehicle routing problems with large differences in payload and hilly road networks further investigation is needed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
2008 Guidelines to Defra’s GHG Conversion Factors: Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (2008), http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/business/reporting/pdf/passenger-transport.pdf (cited January 13, 2010)
Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007: Working Group I Report: The Physical Science Basis. Geneva: IPCC (2007), http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-wg1.htm (cited January 13, 2010)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations (1992), http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdf (cited January 13, 2010)
Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations (1998), http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf (cited January 13, 2010)
Climate Change Act 2008 Office of Public Sector Information (2008), http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts2008/pdf/ukpga_20080027_en.pdf (cited January 13, 2010)
McKinnon, A.: CO2 emissions from freight transport in the UK. Commission for Integrated Transport (2006)
Dijkstra, E.W.: A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik 1, 269–271 (1959)
Barlow, T.J., Boulter, P.G., Mccrae, I.S.: Scoping study on the potential for instantaneous emission modelling: summary report. Transport Research Laboratory (2007)
Ntziachristos, L., Samaras, Z.: COPERT III Computer programme to calculate emissions from road transport. Methodology and emission factors (Version 2.1). Technical Report No 49. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen (2000), http://lat.eng.auth.gr/copert (cited January 13, 2010)
Lawler, E.L., Lenstra, J.K., Rinnoy Kan, A.H.G., Shmoys, D.B.: The Traveling Salesman Problem. Wiley and Sons, Chichester (1985)
Urquhart, N., Scott, C., Hart, E.: Using an evolutionary algorithm to discover low CO2 tours within a Travelling Salesman Problem. In: Di Chio, C., et al. (eds.) EvoApplications 2010, Part II. LNCS, vol. 6025, pp. 421–430. Springer, Heidelberg (2010)
Larranaga, P., Kuijpers, C.M.H., Murga, R.H., Inza, I., Dizdarevic, S.: Genetic Algorithms for the Travelling Salesman Problem: A Review of Representations and Operators. Artificial Intelligence Review 13, 129–170 (1999)
Sbihi, A., Eglese, R.W.: Combinatorial optimization and Green Logistics. 4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research 5, 99–116 (2007)
Palmer, A.: The Development of an Integrated Routing and Carbon Dioxide Emissions Model for Goods Vehicles, Cranfield (2007)
Tavares, G., Zsigraiova, Z., Semiao, V., Carvalho, M.G.: Optimisation of MSW collection routes for minimum fuel consumption using 3D GIS modelling. Waste Management 29(3), 1176–1185 (2009)
Tavares, G., Zsigraiova, Z., Semiao, V., Carvalho, M.d.G.: A case study of fuel savings through optimisation of MSW transportation routes. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 19(4), 444–454 (2008)
Ericsson, E., Larsson, H., Brundell-Freij, K.: Optimizing route choice for lowest fuel consumption - Potential effects of a new driver support tool. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 14(6), 369–383 (2006)
Jabali, O., Woensel, T.V., Kok, A.G.D.: Analysis of Travel Times and CO Emissions in Time-Dependent Vehicle Routing (2009)
Road Statistics 2008: Traffic, Speeds and Congestion. Department for Transport (2008), http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/roadstraffic/speedscongestion/roadstatstsc/roadstats08tsc (cited January 13, 2010)
Land-Use and Transport Integration in Scotland (LATIS). Transport Scotland (2010), http://www.latis.org.uk/ (cited January 13, 2010)
Barlow, T.J., Boulter, P.: Emission factors 2009: Report 2 - a review of the average-speed approach for estimating hot exhaust emissions. Transport Research Laboratory (2009)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Scott, C., Urquhart, N., Hart, E. (2010). Influence of Topology and Payload on CO2 Optimised Vehicle Routing. In: Di Chio, C., et al. Applications of Evolutionary Computation. EvoApplications 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6025. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12242-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12242-2_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12241-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12242-2
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)