Abstract
This chapter presents a methodology to estimate fault rupture extent in real time for the earthquake early warning. This approach identifies the fault rupture geometry by classifying stations into near source and far source. Suppose there is a sufficiently dense seismic network, the distribution of the near-source station can be used for identifying the fault geometry. In this chapter, we improved a discriminant function to classify seismic records into near-source or far-source records proposed in the previous work. We added the earthquake dataset obtained after 2007, and updated the discriminant function. Furthermore, we integrate the information on each station and proposed a methodology to display the fault rupture surface from the distribution of near-source stations. The probability that a station is near-source obtained from this optimal discriminant function shows the extent of the near-source area reasonably well, suggesting that the approach provides a good indicator of near-source and far-source stations for real-time analyses. After applying interpolation, we successfully displayed the fault rupture surface from the distribution of near-source stations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aoi S, Enescu B, Suzuki W, Asano Y, Obara K, Kunugi T, Shiomi K (2010) Stress transfer in the Tokai subduction zone from the 2009 Suruga Bay earthquake in Japan. Nat Geosci 3(7):496–500
Aoi S, Sekiguchi H, Morikawa N, Kunugi T (2008) Source process of the 2007 Niigata-ken Chuetsu-oki earthquake derived from near-fault strong motion data. Earth Planets and Space (EPS) 60(11):1131
Campbell KW (1981) Near-source attenuation of peak horizontal acceleration. Bull Seismol Soc Am 71(6):2039–2070
Hanks TC, Johnson DA (1976) Geophysical assessment of peak accelerations. Bull Seismol Soc Am 66(3):959–968
Hanks TC, McGuire RK (1981) The character of high-frequency strong ground motion. Bull Seismol Soc Am 71(6):2071–2095
Hartzell SH, Heaton TH (1983) Inversion of strong ground motion and teleseismic waveform data for the fault rupture history of the 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 73(6A):1553–1583
Hata Y, Murata A, Nozu A, Miyajima M (2012) Ground motion evaluation at Yokokura village for the 2011 Nagano—Niigata border earthquake based on the site effects substitution method. J Jpn Assoc Earthq Eng
Honda R, Aoi S, Morikawa N, Sekiguchi H, Kunugi T, Fujiwara H (2005) Ground motion and rupture process of the 2004 Mid Niigata prefecture earthquake obtained from strong motion data of K-NET and KiK-net. Earth Planets and Space 57(6):527–532
Horiuchi S, Horiuchi Y (2011) Real-time location of fault area distribution for the Tsunami warning and shaking intensity estimation of a massive scale earthquake. Seismological Society of Japan, Shizuoka
Izutani Y, Hirasawa T (1987) Use of strong motion duration for rapid evaluation of fault parameters. J Phys Earth 35(2):171–190
JapanMeteorologicalAgency Earthquake early warning for the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (2011) [cited 2012 June 27]. http://www.seisvol.kishou.go.jp/eq/EEW/kaisetsu/joho/20110311144640/content/contentout.html
Ji C, Helmberger DV, Wald DJ, Ma KF (2003) Slip history and dynamic implications of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake. J Geophys Res 108(B9):2412
Joyner WB, Boore DM (1981) Peak horizontal acceleration and velocity from strong-motion records including records from the 1979 Imperial Valley, California, earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 71(6):2011–2038
Koketsu K, Yokota Y, Ghasemi H, Hikima K, Miyake H, Wang Z (2008) Source process and ground motions of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China, grant-in-aid for special purposes of 2008, MEXT, No. 20900002
Matsuoka M, Wakamatsu K, Fujimoto K, Midorikawa S (2005) Nationwide site amplification zoning using GIS-based Japan engineering geomorphologic classification map. In: 9th International conference on structural safety and reliability, Rome
Midorikawa S, Matsuoka M, Sakugawa K (1992) Evaluation of site effects on peak ground acceleration and velocity observed during the 1987 Chiba-ken-toho-oki earthquake. J Struct Constr Eng, AIJ 442:71–78
Sagiya T, Kanamori H, Yagi Y, Yamada Y, Mori J (2011) Rebuilding seismology. Nature 473:146–148
Sekiguchi H, Iwata T (2002) Rupture process of the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake estimated from strong-motion waveforms. Bull Seismol Soc Am 92(1):300–311
Semmane F, Cotton F, Campillo M (2005) The 2000 Tottori earthquake: a shallow earthquake with no surface rupture and slip properties controlled by depth. J Geophys Res 110(B3):B03306
Shiba Y (2008) Rupture process during the 2007 Noto Hanto earthquake (MJMA 6.9) and strong-motion simulation in the source region. Earth Planets and Space (EPS), 60(10):1023–1028
Si H, Midorikawa S(2000) New attenuation relations for peak ground acceleration and velocity considering effects of fault type and site condition. In: 12th World conference on earthquake engineering
Somei K, Miyakoshi K, Irikura K (2011) Estimation of source model and strong motion simulation for the 2011 East Fukushima prefecture earthquake using the empirical Green’s function method. Seismological Society of Japan, Shizuoka
Suzuki W, Aoi S, Sekiguchi H (2010) Rupture process of the 2008 Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku, Japan, earthquake derived from near-source strong-motion records. Bull Seismol Soc Am 100(1):256–266
Tsuboi S, Komatitsch D, Ji C, Tromp J (2003) Broadband modeling of the 2002 Denali fault earthquake on the earth simulator. Phys Earth Planet Inter 139(3–4):305–313
Wald DJ (1996) Slip history of the 1995 Kobe, Japan, earthquake determined from strong motion, teleseismic, and geodetic data. J Phys Earth 44(5):489–504
Wald DJ, Heaton TH (1994) Spatial and temporal distribution of slip for the 1992 Landers, California, earthquake. Bull Seismol Soc Am 84(3):668–691
Wald DJ, Heaton TH, Hudnut KW (1996) The slip history of the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake determined from strong-motion, teleseismic, GPS, and leveling data. Bull Seismol Soc Am 86(1B):S49–S70
Wald DJ, Helmberger DV, Heaton TH (1991) Rupture model of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake from the inversion of strong-motion and broadband teleseismic data. Bull Seismol Soc Am 81(5):1540–1572
Wessel P, Smith WHF (1991) Free software helps map and display data. EOS 72(441):445–446
Yamada M, Heaton TH (2008) Real-time estimation of fault rupture extent using envelopes of acceleration. Bull Seismol Soc Am 98(2):607–619
Yamada M, Heaton TH, Beck J (2007) Real-time estimation of fault rupture extent using near-source versus far-source classification. Bull Seismol Soc Am 97(6):1890–1910
Yamamoto S, Horiuchi S, Nakamura H, Wu C, Irikura K, Fukushima Y (2008) Seismic intensity estimation taking into account fault finiteness for earthquake early warning. In: Japan Geoscience Union meeting, Chiba
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED) and Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) for the use of the seismic data. Some of the figures are generated by Generic Mapping Tools (Wessel and Smith 1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Yamada, M. (2014). Estimation of Fault Rupture Extent Using Near-Source Records for Earthquake Early Warning. In: Wenzel, F., Zschau, J. (eds) Early Warning for Geological Disasters. Advanced Technologies in Earth Sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12233-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12233-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-642-12232-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-642-12233-0
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)