Skip to main content

Adaptive Capacity in Theory and Reality: Implications for Governance in the Great Barrier Reef Region

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Adaptive Capacity and Environmental Governance

Abstract

The Great Barrier Reef is an iconic ecosystem that faces multiple threats, including overharvesting, water quality decline and climate change. There is general recognition that these threats occur at multiple scales, and the reef ecosystem therefore requires management at multiple scales. This situation presents a highly complex challenge, as it involves multiple actors who have different objectives and values associated with the GBR. Adaptive capacity, by most definitions and measures, is considered high for this region, but these definitions and measures may have limited utility for managing in reality because they fall short of accounting for the complex dynamics of the region, including how adaptive capacity and its determinants are perceived on the ground. In this chapter, we review theoretical definitions of adaptive capacity and compare these to individual and organizational perceptions of adaptive capacity obtained through interview data from several research efforts. We discuss key messages emerging from this comparison of theoretical and empirical definitions, and potential implications for future governance of the Great Barrier Reef region.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Economics A (2008) Economic value of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park 2006–07. Access Economics Pty Limited, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Adger WN (2003) Social aspects of adaptive capacity. In: Smith J, Klein R, Huq S (eds) Climate change, adaptive capacity and development. Imperial College Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Adger WN, Brooks N, Bentham G, Agnew M, Eriksen S (2004) New indicators of vulnerability and adaptive capacity. Tyndall Project IT1.11: July 2001 to June 2003, Final Project Report. Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich

    Google Scholar 

  • Adger WN, Vincent K (2005) Uncertainty in adaptive capacity. Cr Geosci 337:399–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adger WN, Arnell NW, Tompkins E (2005) Successful adaptation to climate change across scales. Glob Environ Change 15:77–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Allison HE, Hobbs RJ (2004) Resilience, adaptive capacity, and the “Lock-in Trap” of the Western Australian agricultural region. Ecol Soc 9(1):3

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellamy J (2007) Adaptive governance: the challenge for regional natural resource management. In: Brown AJ, Bellamy JA (eds) Federalism and regionalism in Australia: new approaches, new institutions? Australian National University E Press, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Bengtsson J, Angelstam P, Elmqvist T, Emanuelsson U, Folke C, Ihse M, Moberg F, Nyström M (2003) Reserves, resilience and dynamic landscapes. Ambio 32:389–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkes F, Colding J, Folke C (2002) Navigating social–ecological systems: building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bohensky E, Lynam T (2005) Evaluating responses in complex adaptive systems: insights on water management from the Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA). Ecol Soc 10(1):11

    Google Scholar 

  • Bohensky EL, Reyers B, van Jaarsveld AS (2006) Future ecosystem services in a Southern African river basin: a scenario planning approach to uncertainty. Conserv Biol 20:1051–1061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bohnet I, Bohensky E, Gambley C, Waterhouse J (2008) Future scenarios for the Great Barrier Reef Catchment. CSIRO, Water for a Healthy Country National Research Flagship, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradley D, Grainger A (2004) Social resilience as a controlling influence on desertification in Senegal. Land Degrad Dev 15:451–470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown AJ (2007) Federalism, regionalism and the reshaping of Australian governance. In: Brown AJ, Bellamy JA (eds) Federalism and regionalism in Australia: new approaches, new institutions? Australian National University E Press, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant CR, Smit B, Brklacich M, Johnston TR, Smithers J, Chiotti Q, Singh B (2000) Adaptation in Canadian agriculture to climatic variability and change. Clim Change 45:181–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter S, Walker B, Anderies J, Abel N (2001) From metaphor to measurement: resilience of what to what? Ecosystems 4:765–781

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cinner J, Fuentes MMPB, Randriamahazo H (2009) Exploring social resilience in Madagascar’s marine protected areas. Ecol Soc 14(1):41

    Google Scholar 

  • Day S, Dwyer A (2003) How vulnerable is your community to a natural hazard? Using synthetic estimation to produce spatial estimates of vulnerability. Aust J Reg Stud 9:299–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Dovers S, Wild River S (2008) Institutions for sustainable development. Centre for resource and environmental studies. The Australian National University, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • EPA – Environmental Protection Agency (2006) Draft Mackay-Whitsunday regional coastal management plan. Environmental Protection Agency, Rockhampton

    Google Scholar 

  • Folke C, Carpenter S, Elmqvist T, Gunderson L, Holling CS, Walker B (2002) Resilience and sustainable development: building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations. Ambio 31:437–440

    Google Scholar 

  • Folke C, Hahn T, Olsson P, Norberg J (2005) Adaptive governance of social–ecological systems. Annu Rev Environ Resour 30:441–473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ford J, Gough B, Laidler G, MacDonald J, Qrunnut K, Irngaut C (2009) Sea ice, climate change, and community vulnerability in northern Foxe Basin, Canada. Clim Res 38:138–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gallopín GC (2006) Linkages between vulnerability, resilience, and adaptive capacity. Glob Environ Change 16:293–303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunderson L, Holling CS (2002) Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Grothmann T, Patt A (2005) Adaptive capacity and human cognition: the process of individual adaptation to climate change. Glob Environ Change 15:199–213

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haddad BM (2005) Ranking the adaptive capacity of nations to climate change when socio-political goals are explicit. Glob Environ Change 15:165–176

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hertin J, Berkhout F, Gann D, Barlow J (2003) Climate change and the UK house building sector: perceptions, impacts and adaptive capacity. Build Res Inf 31:278–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes TP, Baird AH, Bellwood DR, Card M, Connolly SR, Folke C, Grosberg R, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Jackson JBC, Kleypas J, Lough JM, Marshall P, Nyström M, Palumbi SR, Pandolfi JM, Rosen B, Roughgarden J (2003) Climate change, human impacts, and the resilience of coral reefs. Science 301:929–933

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hughes T, Rodrigues MJ, Bellwood DR, Ceccarelli D, Hoegh-Guldberg O, McCook L, Moltschaniwskyj N, Pratchett MS, Steneck RS, Willis B (2007) Phase shifts, herbivory, and the resilience of coral reefs to climate change. Curr Biol 17:360–365

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IPCC – Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2001) Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Summary for policy makers. World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva

    Google Scholar 

  • Janssen MA, Schoon ML, Kee W, Börner K (2006) Scholarly networks on resilience, vulnerability and adaptation within the human dimensions of global environmental change. Glob Environ Change 16:240–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lane MB (2005) Public participation in planning: an intellectual history. Aust Geogr 36:283–299

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lane MB (2003) Decentralization or privatization of environmental governance?: case analysis of bioregional assessment in Australia. J Rural Stud 19:283–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lane MB, McDonald G (2005) Community-based environmental planning: operational dilemmas, planning principles and possible remedies. J Environ Plann Manag 48:709–731

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lane MB, McDonald GT, Morrison T (2004) Decentralisation and environmental management in Australia: a comment on the prescriptions of the Wentworth Group. Aust Geogr Stud 42:102–114

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson S (2009) Communicating stakeholder priorities in the Great Barrier Reef region. Soc Nat Resour 22(7):650–664

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larson S (2006) Analysis of the water planning process in the Georgina and Diamantina catchments: an application of the institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework. Desert Knowledge CRC, Alice Springs

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson S, Williams LJ (2009) Monitoring the success of stakeholder engagement: literature review. In: Measham TG, Brake L (eds) People, communities and economies of the Lake Eyre Basin, DKCRC Research Report 45. Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre, Alice Springs, Australia

    Google Scholar 

  • Larson S, Stone-Jovicich S (2008) Community perceptions of water quality and current institutional arrangements in the great barrier reef region of Australia. Paper presented at International water resources association world water congress, Montpelier, France, 1–4 Sept 2008

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebel L, Anderies JM, Campbell B, Folke C, Hatfield-Dodds S, Hughes TP, Wilson J (2006) Governance and the capacity to manage resilience in regional social–ecological systems. Ecol Soc 11(1):19

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemos MC, Oliveira JL (2004) Can water reform survive politics? Institutional change and river basin management in Ceará, northeast Brazil. World Dev 32:2121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lemos MC, Boyd E, Tompkins EL, Osbahr H, Liverman D (2007) Developing adaptation and adapting development. Ecol Soc 12(2):26

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynam T, Gooch M, Ross H (2007) Marine Tropical Sciences Research Facility (MTSRF) Milestone Report June 10. Project 4.9.7 Understanding and enhancing social resilience: science and management integration project. CSIRO, James Cook University, University of Queensland, Townsville

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall GR (2008) Community-based regional delivery of natural resource management – Building system-wide capacities to motivate voluntary farmer adoption of conservation practices. Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Publication No 08/175, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall NA, Marshall PA (2007) Conceptualizing and operationalizing social resilience within commercial fisheries in northern Australia. Ecol Soc 12(1):1

    Google Scholar 

  • Marshall NA, Fenton DM, Marshall PA, Sutton S (2007) How resource-dependency can influence social resilience within a primary resource industry. Rural Sociol 72:359–390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClanahan TR, Cinner JE, Maina J, Graham NAJ, Daw TM, Stead SM, Wamukota A, Brown K, Ateweberhan M, Venus V, Polunin NVC (2008) Conservation action in a changing climate. Conserv Lett 1:53–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKay J (2005) Water institutional reforms in Australia. Water Policy 7:35–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Measham TG, Robinson C, Richards C, Larson S, Stafford Smith M, Smith T (2009) Tools for successful NRM in the Lake Eyre Basin: achieving effective engagement. In: Measham TG, Brake L (eds) People, communities and economies of the Lake Eyre Basin, DKCRC Research Report 45. Desert Knowledge Cooperative Research Centre, Alice Springs

    Google Scholar 

  • MA – Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson R, Brown PR, Darbas T, Kokic P, Cody K (2007) The potential to map the adaptive capacity of Australian land managers for NRM policy using ABS data. CSIRO, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics, prepared for the National Land and Water Resources Audit, Canberra

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris FH, Stevens SP, Pfefferbaum B, Wyche KF, Pfefferbaum RL (2008) Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. Am J Community Psychol 41:127–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • OECD InterFutures Study Team (1979) Mastering the probable and managing the unpredictable. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and International Energy Agency, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson P, Folke C, Hahn T (2004) Social–ecological transformation for ecosystem management: the development of adaptive co-management of a wetland landscape in southern Sweden. Ecol Soc 9(4):2

    Google Scholar 

  • Olsson P, Folke C, Hughes TP (2008) Navigating the transition to ecosystem-based management of the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:9489–9494

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ostrom E (2007) Multiple institutions for multiple outcomes. In: Smajgl A, Larson S (eds) Sustainable resource use: institutional dynamics and economics. Earthscan, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Pelling M, High C (2005) Understanding adaptation: what can social capital offer assessments of adaptive capacity? Glob Environ Change 15:308–319

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson GD, Allen CR, Holling CS (1998) Ecological resilience, biodiversity and scale. Ecosystems 1:6–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson GD, Cumming GS, Carpenter SR (2003) Scenario planning: a tool for conservation in an uncertain world. Conserv Biol 17:358–366

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Redman CL, Kinzig AP (2003) Resilience of past landscapes: resilience theory, society, and the longue durée. Conserv Ecol 7(1):14

    Google Scholar 

  • Roux DJ, Rogers KH, Biggs HC, Ashton PJ, Sergeant A (2006) Bridging the science – management divide: moving from unidirectional knowledge transfer to knowledge interfacing and sharing. Ecol Soc 11(1):4

    Google Scholar 

  • Salz RJ (1998) Social justice and the Florida net ban controversy. Human dimensions research unit. Department of Natural Resources Conservation, Amherst

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheffer M, Brock W, Westley F (2000) Mechanisms preventing optimum use of ecosystem services: an interdisciplinary theoretical analysis. Ecosystems 3:451–471

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheffer M, Westley F, Brock W (2003) Slow response of societies to new problems: causes and costs. Ecosystems 6:493–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheffer M, Westley FR (2007) The evolutionary basis of rigidity: locks in cells, minds, and society. Ecol Soc 12(2):36

    Google Scholar 

  • Smit B, Wandel J (2006) Adaptation, adaptive capacity and vulnerability. Glob Environ Change 16:282–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smit B, Burton I, Klein R, Wandel J (2000) An anatomy of adaptation to climate change and variability. Clim Change 45:223–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith S (1995) Social implications of changes in fisheries regulations for commercial fishing families. Fisheries 20:24–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith S, Jacob SJ, Jepson M, Israel G (2003) After the Florida net ban: the impacts on commercial fishing families. Soc Natur Resour 16:39–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stafford Smith M (2008) The ‘desert syndrome’: causally linked factors that characterise outback Australia. Rangeland J 30:3–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Turton AR (1999) Water scarcity and social adaptive capacity: towards an understanding of the social dynamics of managing water scarcity in developing countries. MEWREW Occasional Paper No. 9 Water Issues Study Group. School of Oriental and African Studies, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker B, Carpenter S, Anderies J, Abel N, Cumming GS, Janssen M, Lebel L, Norberg J, Peterson GD, Pritchard R (2002) Resilience management in social–ecological systems: a working hypothesis for a participatory approach. Conserv Ecol 6(1):14

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker B, Holling CS, Carpenter SR, Kinzig A (2004) Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social–ecological systems. Ecol Soc 9(2):5

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker BH, Abel N, Anderies JM, Ryan P (2009) Resilience, adaptability, and transformability in the Goulburn-Broken Catchment, Australia. Ecol Soc 14(1):12

    Google Scholar 

  • Westley F, Carpenter SR, Brock WA, Holling CS, Gunderson LH (2002) Why systems of people and nature are not just social and ecological systems. In: Gunderson L, Holling CS (eds) Panarchy: understanding transformations in human and natural systems. Island Press, Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Yohe G, Tol RSJ (2002) Indicators for social and economic coping capacity: moving toward a working definition of adaptive capacity. Glob Environ Change 12:25–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Erin Bohensky .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bohensky, E., Stone-Jovicich, S., Larson, S., Marshall, N. (2010). Adaptive Capacity in Theory and Reality: Implications for Governance in the Great Barrier Reef Region. In: Armitage, D., Plummer, R. (eds) Adaptive Capacity and Environmental Governance. Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12194-4_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics