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Within-Plant Signalling by Volatiles Triggers Systemic Defences

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Plant Communication from an Ecological Perspective

Part of the book series: Signaling and Communication in Plants ((SIGCOMM))

Abstract

Plants use both internal and external signals to mount their systemic responses to local enemy attack. Resistance to herbivores being induced by airborne cures (VOCs, volatile organic compounds) has originally been discovered in the context of ‘communication’ among independent individual plants. Because the phenomenon of plants ‘helping’ their non-related neighbours to survive apparently contradicts evolutionary theory, this phenomenon remained controversial for many years. Only recently, several groups reported that VOCs released from damaged organs can also trigger a systemic resistance in as yet intact organs of a plant. This mechanism may represent the evolutionary origin of resistance induction by VOCs, as it opens the potential for fitness benefits that are achieved by the emitter itself. The observation comes, however, with its own problems: Why do plants use VOCs, whose movements are out of their control, instead of relying exclusively on internal vascular signals? Until now, the phenomenon of within-plant signalling by VOCs has been described for only four plant species: sagebrush, lima bean, poplar and blueberry. Generalisations are, thus, difficult to make at the present stage. Likely benefits of airborne as compared to vascular signalling comprise the speed of information transfer, the independence from the vascular system (VOCs can reach organs that lack direct vascular connections with the attacked one or that insert on spatially close, yet anatomically independent branches) and the option of priming: VOCs can prime intact plant tissues, thereby preparing them for a likely attack without the need for immediately investing in full resistance expression. Future research is required to understand how common and how important within-plant signalling by volatile compounds is within the plant kingdom.

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  1. Departamento de Ingeniería Genética., CINVESTAV – Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, CP 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México

    Martin Heil

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  1. Inst. Zelluläre und Molekulare, Botanik (IZMB), Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, Bonn, 53115, Germany

    František Baluška

  2. Agricultural Sciences, Department for Ecology, Swedish University of, Uppsala, 750 07, Sweden

    Velemir Ninkovic

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Heil, M. (2010). Within-Plant Signalling by Volatiles Triggers Systemic Defences. In: Baluška, F., Ninkovic, V. (eds) Plant Communication from an Ecological Perspective. Signaling and Communication in Plants. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12162-3_7

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