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LPS-GNSS orientations and vertical deflections

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Algebraic Geodesy and Geoinformatics

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Abstract

Since the advent of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) , in particular the Global Positioning System (GPS), many fields within geosciences, such as geodesy, geoinformatics, geophysics, hydrology etc., have undergone tremendous changes. GPS satellites have in fact revolutionized operations in these fields and the entire world in ways that its inventors never imagined. The initial goal of GPS satellites was to provide the capability for the US military to position themselves accurately from space. This way, they would be able to know the positions of their submarines without necessarily relying on fixed ground stations that were liable to enemy attack. Slowly, but surely, the civilian community, led by geodesists, began to devise methods of exploiting the potential of this system. The initial focus of research was on the improvement of positioning accuracies since civilians only have access to the so called coarse acquisition or C/A-code of the GPS signal. This code is less precise when compared to the P-code used by the US military and its allies. The other source of error in GPS positioning was the Selective Availability (SA) , i.e., intentional degradation of the GPS signal by the US military that would lead to a positioning error of ±100 m. However, in May 2000, the then president of the United States Bill Clinton, officially discontinued this process.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia

    Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joseph L. Awange

  2. Geodätisches Institut Universität Stuttgart, Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 24 D, 70174, Stuttgart, Germany

    Prof. Dr.-Ing. Erik W. Grafarend

  3. Dept. Photogrammetry & Geoinformatics, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, 1521, Budapest, Hungary

    Prof.Dr. Béla Paláncz

  4. Dept. Geodesy & Surveying, Budapest University of Technology & Economics, Müegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary

    Dr. Piroska Zaletnyik

Authors
  1. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Joseph L. Awange
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  2. Prof. Dr.-Ing. Erik W. Grafarend
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  3. Prof.Dr. Béla Paláncz
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  4. Dr. Piroska Zaletnyik
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Correspondence to Joseph L. Awange .

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Awange, J.L., Grafarend, E.W., Paláncz, B., Zaletnyik, P. (2010). LPS-GNSS orientations and vertical deflections. In: Algebraic Geodesy and Geoinformatics. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12124-1_10

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