Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Media Coding for Streaming in Networks with Source and Path Diversity

  • Chapter
Intelligent Multimedia Communication: Techniques and Applications

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 280))

Abstract

Novel network architectures such as overlay networks offer significant diversity that can compensate for the lack of strict quality of service in today’s communication infrastructures. In order to take advantage of this diversity for delay-sensitive media streaming applications, the network systems can employ efficient mechanisms based on source, channel and even network coding. In particular, fountain codes offer interesting benefits for streaming with server diversity. When they are used independently at each server, they permit to avoid explicit coordination between the senders that only have to provide the receivers with enough innovative packets. In addition, network coding allows for improved throughput and error robustness in multipath transmission where the network nodes participate to increase the symbol diversity in the system. We review in this chapter the most popular rateless codes that enable the deployment of low-cost decentralized communication protocols in self-organized dynamic networks. We then describe their application in distributed multimedia streaming solutions. We further discuss the most popular network coding algorithms in practical media streaming schemes. Finally, we show that hybrid systems based on both rateless coding and network coding can deliver high quality media streams with low computational complexity, as they permit to benefit from both server and path diversity in overlay architectures.

This work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, under grant PZ00P2-121906.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Zhang, X., Liu, J., Li, B., Yum, Y.S.P.: CoolStreaming/DONet: a data-driven overlay network for peer-to-peer live media streaming. In: Proc. of the 24th Annual Joint Conf. of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, INFOCOM 2005, vol. 3, pp. 2102–2111 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Chakareski, J., Frossard, P.: Adaptive systems for improved media streaming experience. IEEE Communications Magazine (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Byers, J., Luby, M., Mitzenmacher, M., Rege, A.: A Digital Fountain Approach to Reliable Distribution of Bulk Data. In: Proc. ACMSIGCOMM 1998, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 56–67 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Gasiba, T., Xu, W., Stockhammer, T.: Enhanced System Design for Download and Streaming Services Using Raptor Codes. European Trans. on Telecommunications 20(2), 159–173 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Wagner, J.P., Chakareski, J., Frossard, P.: Streaming of Scalable Video from Multiple Servers using Rateless Codes. In: Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2006, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 1501–1504 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Aly, S.A., Kong, Z., Soljanin, E.: Raptor Codes Based Distributed Storage Algorithms for Wireless Sensor Networks. In: Proc. of IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory, ISIT 2008, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, pp. 2051–2055 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Wu, C., Li, B.: rStream: Resilient and Optimal Peer-to-Peer Streaming with Rateless Codes. IEEE Trans. Parallel and Distributed Systems 19(1), 77–92 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Ahlswede, R., Cai, N., Li, S.Y.R., Yeung, R.W.: Network Information Flow. IEEE Trans. Information Theory 46(4), 1204–1216 (2000)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  9. Gkantsidis, C., Miller, J., Rodriguez, P.: Comprehensive View of a Live Network Coding P2P system. In: Proc. ACM SIGCOMM/USENIX IMC 2006, Brasil (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gkantsidis, C., Rodriguez, P.R.: Network Coding for Large Scale Content Distribution. In: Proc. of the 24th Annual Joint Conf. of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, INFOCOM 2005, vol. 4, pp. 2235–2245 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dimakis, A.G., Godfrey, P.B., Wainwright, M.J., Ramchandran, K.: Network Coding for Distributed Storage Systems. In: 26th IEEE Int. Conf. on Computer Communications, ICCC 2007, Anchorage, Alaska, USA (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Deb, S., Médard, M., Choute, C.: On Random Network Coding Based Information Dissemination. In: IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory 2005, ISIT 2005, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 278–282 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Thomos, N., Frossard, P.: Raptor Network Video Coding. In: Proc. of the 1st ACM Int. Workshop on Mobile video (in conjunction with ACMMM 2007), Augsburg, Germany (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mitzenmacher, M.: Digital Fountains: A Survey and Look Forward. In: Proc. of the Information Theory Workshop, ITW 2004, San Antonio, Texas, USA, pp. 271–276 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Luby, M.: LT codes. In: Proc. of the 43rd Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS 2002), Vancouver, Canada, pp. 271–280 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Shokrollahi, A.: Raptor codes. IEEE Trans. Information Theory 52(6), 2551–2567 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. 3GPP TS 26.346 V7.1.0, Technical Specification Group Services and System Aspects; Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service; Protocols and Codecs (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Kamra, A., Feldman, J., Misra, V., Rubenstein, D.: Growth Codes: Maximizing Sensor Network Data Persistence. In: Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM 2006, Pisa, Italy (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Agarwal, S., Hagedorn, A., Trachtenberg, A.: Adaptive Rateless Coding Under Partial Information. In: Proc. Information Theory and Applications Workshop, ITA 2008, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 5–11 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bonello, N., Zhange, R., Chen, S., Hanzo, L.: Reconfigurable Rateless Codes. In: Proc. VTC 2009-Spring, Barcelona, Spain (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Luby, M., Gasiba, T., Stockhammer, T., Watson, M.: Reliable Multimedia Download Delivery in Cellular Broadcast Networks. IEEE Trans. on Broadcasting 53(1), 235–246 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Schierl, T., Johansen, S., Perkis, A., Wiegand, T.: Rateless Scalable Video Coding for Overlay Multisource Streaming in MANETs. Journal on Visual Communication and Image Representation 19(8), 500–507 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Ahmad, S., Hamzaoui, R., Akaidi, M.A.: Robust Live Unicast Video Streaming with Rateless Codes. In: Proc. of 16th Int. Workshop on Packet Video, PV 2007, Lausanne, Switzerland, pp. 77–84 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Ahmad, S., Hamzaoui, R., Akaidi, M.A.: Practical Channel-adaptive Video Streaming with Fountain Codes. In: Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on Pervasive Computing and Applications, ICPCA 2008, Alexandria, Egypt (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wagner, J.P., Frossard, P.: Adaptive and Robust Media Streaming over Multiple Channels with Bursty Losses. In: Proc. European Signal Processing Conference, EUSIPCO 2007, Poznan, Poland (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Razavi, R., Fleury, M., Ghanbari, M.: Block-based Rateless Coding for Energy-efficient Video Streaming over Bluetooth. In: Proc. of IEEE Symp. on Computers and Communications, ISCC 2008, Marrakech, Morocco (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Tan, A.S., Aksay, A., Akar, G.B., Arikan, E.: Rate-distortion Optimization for Stereoscopic Video Streaming with Unequal Error Protection. EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing 2009(632545) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Dimakis, A.G., Wang, J., Ramchandran, K.: Unequal Growth Codes: Intermediate Performance and Unequal Error Protection for Video Streaming. In: Proc. of Multimedia Signal Processing, MMSP 2007, Pisa, Italy, pp. 107–110 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Sejdinovic, D., Vukobratovic, D., Doufexi, A., Piechocki, R., Senk, V.: Expanding Window Fountain Codes for Unequal Error Protection. In: Proc. of 41st Annual Asilomar 2007 Conf. on Signals, Systems and Computers, Pacific Grove, CA, USA (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Vukobratovic, D., Stankovic, V., Sejdinovic, D., Stankovic, L., Xiong, Z.: Scalable Video Multicast using Expanding Window Fountain Codes. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 11(6), 1094–1104 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chang, S.K., Yang, K.C., Wang, J.S.: Unequal-Protected LT Code for Layered Video Streaming. In: Proc. of IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, ICC 2008, Beijing, China, pp. 500–504 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Woo, S.S., Cheng, M.K.: Prioritized LT codes. In: Proc. of 42nd Annual Conf. on Information Sciences and Systems, CISS 2008, Princeton, NJ, USA, pp. 568–573 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Karande, S., Wu, M., Radha, H.: Network Embedded FEC (NEF) for Video Multicast in Presence of Packet Loss Correlation. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conference on Image Processing, Genoa, Italy, vol. 1, pp. 173–176 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Wu, M., Karande, S., Radha, H.: Network Embedded FEC for Optimum Throughput of Multicast Packet Video. EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing 20(8), 728–742 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Fragouli, C., Soljanin, E.: Network Coding Fundamentals. Source. In: Foundations and Trends in Networking archive. Now Publisers Inc., Boston (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Fragouli, C., Soljanin, E.: Network Coding Applications. Source. In: Foundations and Trends in Networking archive. Now Publisers Inc., Boston (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Yeung, R.W., Li, S.Y.R., Cai, N., Zhang, Z.: Network Coding Theory. In: Foundations and Trends in Communications and Information Theory. Now Publisers Inc., Boston (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Yeung, R.W.: Information Theory and Network Coding. In: Information Technology: Transmission, Processing and Storage. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ho, T., Lun, D.S.: Network Coding: An Introduction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2008)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. Thomos, N., Frossard, P.: Network Coding for Theory to Media Streaming. Journal of Communications 4(9) (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Koetter, R., Médard, M.: An Algebraic Approach to Network Coding. IEEE/ACM Trans. on Networking 11(5), 782–795 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Jaggi, S., Sanders, P., Chou, P.A., Effros, M., Egner, S., Jain, K., Tolhuizen, L.M.G.M.: Polynomial Time Algorithms for Multicast Network Code Construction. IEEE Trans. Information Theory 51(6), 1973–1982 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  43. Ho, T., Medard, M., Shi, J., Effros, M., Karger, D.R.: On Randomized Network Coding. In: 41st Allerton Annual Conf. on Communication, Control, and Computing, Monticello, IL, USA (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Ho, T., Koetter, R., Medard, M., Karger, D.R., Effros, M.: The Benefits of Coding Over Routing in a Randomized Setting. In: IEEE Int. Symp. on Information Theory, ISIT 2003, Kanagawa, Japan (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Ho, T., Medard, M., Koetter, R., Karger, D.R., Effros, M., Jun, S., Leong, B.: A Random Linear Network Coding Approach to Multicast. IEEE Trans. Information Theory 52(10), 4413–4430 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Chou, P.A., Wu, Y., Jain, K.: Practical Network Coding. In: Proc. 41st Allerton Conf. on Communication Control and Computing, Monticell, IL, USA (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Wang, M., Li, B.: Lava: A Reality Check of Network Coding in Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming. In: IEEE INFOCO, Anchorage, Alaska (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Wang, M., Li, B.: R 2: Random Rush with Random Network Coding in Live Peer-to-Peer Streaming. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 25(9), 1655–1666 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  49. Maymoukov, P., Harvey, N.J.A., Lun, D.: Methods for Efficient Network Coding. In: Proc. 44th Allerton Conf. on Communication, Control, and Computing, Monticello, IL, USA (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Jain, K., Lovász, L., Chou, P.A.: Building Scalable and Robust Peer-to-Peer Overlay Networks for Broadcasting Using Network Coding. Journal on Distributed Computing 19(4), 301–311 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Zhao, J., Yang, F., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Z., Zhang, F.: LION: Layered Overlay Multicast With Network Coding. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 8(5), 1021–1032 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  52. Liu, Y., Peng, Y., Dou, W., Guo, B.: Network Coding for Peer-to-Peer Live Media Streaming. In: Proc of the Fifth Int. Conf. Grid and Cooperative Computing, GCC 2006, Monticello, IL, USA, pp. 149–155 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Shao, M., Wu, X., Sarshar, N.: Rainbow Network Flow with Network Coding. In: Proc. of the fourth Workshop on Network Coding, Theory and Applications, NetCod 2008, Hong Kong, China, pp. 1–6 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Albanese, A., Bloemer, J., Edmonds, J., Luby, M., Sudan, M.: Priority Encoding Transmission. IEEE Trans. Information Theory 42, 1737–1744 (1996)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  55. Ramasubramonian, A.K., Woods, J.W.: Video Multicast Using Network Coding. In: SPIE VCIP, San Jose, CA, USA (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Puri, R., Ramchandran, K., Bharghavan, K.W.L.V.: Forward Error Correction (FEC) Codes Based Multiple Description Coding for Internet Video Streaming and Multicast. Signal Processing: Image Communication 16(8) (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Wang, H., Xiao, S., Kuo, C.C.J.: Robust and Flexible Wireless Video Multicast with Network Coding. In: IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, GLOBECOM 2007, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 2129–2133 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Lin, Y., Li, B., Liang, B.: Differentiated Data Persistence with Priority Random Linear Codes. In: 27th Int. Conf. on Distributed Computing Systems of Contents, ICDCS 2007, Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 47–55 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Liu, X., Cheung, G., Chuah, C.N.: Structured Network Coding and Cooperative Local Peer-to-peer Repair for MBMS Video Streaming. In: IEEE Int. Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing, MMSP 2008, Cairns, Queensland, Australia (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Thomos, N., Chakareski, J., Frossard, P.: Randomized network coding for UEP video delivery in overlay networks. In: International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2009, Cancun, Mexico (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Thomos, N., Frossard, P.: Collaborative Video Streaming with Raptor Network Coding. In: Inter. Conf. on Multimedia and Expo, ICME 2008, Hannover, Germany, pp. 497–500 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Thomos, N., Frossard, P.: Degree Distribution Optimization in Raptor Network Coding. EPFL Technical report (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Chiang, M.: Geometric Programming for Communications Systems. Now Publisers Inc., Boston (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Puducheri, S., Kliewer, J., Fuja, T.E.: The Design and Performance of Distributed LT codes. IEEE Trans. Information Theory 53(10), 3740–3754 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  65. Thomos, N., Frossard, P.: Network Coding of Rateless Video in Streaming overlays EPFL Technical report LTS-REPORT-2009-011 (2009)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Signal Processing Laboratory (LTS4), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland

    Nikolaos Thomos & Pascal Frossard

Authors
  1. Nikolaos Thomos
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pascal Frossard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Chang Wen Chen

  2. Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China

    Zhu Li

  3. France Telecom R&D, Beijing, China

    Shiguo Lian

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2010 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Thomos, N., Frossard, P. (2010). Media Coding for Streaming in Networks with Source and Path Diversity. In: Chen, C.W., Li, Z., Lian, S. (eds) Intelligent Multimedia Communication: Techniques and Applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 280. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11686-5_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11686-5_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-642-11685-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-642-11686-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation